Editing 1213

{{short description|Year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1213}}
{{Year nav|1213}}
{{C13 year in topic}}
[[File:Muret1213.jpg|thumb|[[Battle of Muret]] (1213)]]
Year '''1213''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
* [[May 15]] &ndash; King [[John of England]] submits to [[Pope Innocent III]], who in turn lifts [[Papal Interdict of 1208|the interdict of 1208]] the following year.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_jLbHTM_zgC&q=1213+king+john+Pope+Innocent+III&pg=PR29|title=The Rise of the Medieval World, 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary|last=Schulman|first=Jana K.|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2002|isbn=9780313308178|series=The Great Cultural Eras of the Western World|location=Westport, CT and London|pages=xxix|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPweZnz4nJgC&q=1213+king+john+Pope+Innocent+III&pg=PA212|title=Pope Innocent 3rd 1160/61-1216: To Root Up and to Plant|last=Moore|first=John Clare|publisher=BRILL|year=2003|isbn=9789004129252|series=The Medieval Mediterranean|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=212–214|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Battle of Damme]]: The English fleet under [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury]], destroys a French fleet off the Belgian port in the first major victory for the fledgling Royal Navy.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=1213+Battle+of+Damme&pg=PA269|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2009|isbn=9781851096725|volume=I: ca. 3000 BCE - 1499 CE|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=269|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PN6MO0_mwaAC&q=1213+Battle+of+Damme&pg=PA459|title=From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087-1216|last=Poole|first=Austin Lane|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|isbn=9780192852878|location=Oxford and New York|pages=459–461|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Battle of Muret]]: The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of [[Raymond VI of Toulouse]] and [[Peter II of Aragon]] are defeated by the [[Albigensian Crusade]], under [[Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIQTe2VaZQsC&q=1213+Battle+of+Muret&pg=PA45|title=The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath|last=de Puylaurens|first=Guillaume|publisher=Boydell Press|year=2003|isbn=9780851159256|location=Woodbridge, UK|pages=45–47|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brooks|first=Constantina E.|date=June–November 1872|title=The Battle of Muret, A.D. 1213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CTAZAAAAYAAJ&q=1213+Battle+of+Muret&pg=PA449|journal=[[Harper's New Monthly Magazine]]|volume=XLV|pages=449}}</ref>
* [[Jin Dynasty, 1115–1234|Jin]] [[China]] is overrun by the [[Mongols]] under [[Genghis Khan]], who plunder the countryside and cities, until only [[Beijing]] remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04S4YdDarD0C&q=1213+Genghis+Khan+Jin&pg=PA73|title=The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare|last=Bennett|first=Matthew|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|isbn=9781579581169|location=Chicago, London|pages=73|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCpmDwAAQBAJ&q=1213+Genghis+Khan+Jin&pg=PA47|title=Famous Battles of the Medieval Period|last=McNab|first=Chris|publisher=Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC|year=2017|isbn=9781502632470|location=New York|pages=47|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pope Innocent III]] issues a charter calling for the [[Fifth Crusade]] to recapture Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PshCDQAAQBAJ&q=1213+charter&pg=PT173|title=The Fifth Crusade in Context: The Crusading Movement in the Early Thirteenth Century|last1=Mylod|first1=E. J.|last2=Perry|first2=Guy|last3=Smith|first3=Thomas W.|last4=Vandeburie|first4=Jan|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9781317160175|location=New York|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/godswarnewhistor00tyer|url-access=registration|quote=1213 Fifth Crusade.|title=God's War: A New History of the Crusades|last=Tyerman|first=Christopher|author-link =Christopher Tyerman|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780674023871|location=Cambridge, MA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/godswarnewhistor00tyer/page/612 612]–613|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKTTPaUjur8C&q=1213|title=Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291|last1=Bird|first1=Jessalynn|last2=Peters|first2=Edward|last3=Powell|first3=James M.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2013|isbn=9780812207651|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=106–112|language=en}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>
* Construction of [[Kilkenny Castle]] in [[Lordship of Ireland|Ireland]] is completed.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zTUDgAAQBAJ&q=1213+Kilkenny+Castle&pg=PA307|title=Proceedings of the First Conference of the Construction History Society|last1=Campbell|first1=James|last2=Bill|first2=Nicholas|last3=Draper|first3=Karey|last4=Fleming|first4=Patrick|last5=Pan|first5=Yiting|last6=Andrews|first6=Wendy|publisher=Short Run Press|year=2015|isbn=9780992875107|location=Exeter, UK|pages=307|language=en|chapter=Old Ennisnag Bridge (by D. O'Dwyer and R. Cox)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/About_Kilkenny/History/Famous_Landmarks/Kilkenny_Castle.html|title=Kilkenny Castle|date=29 September 2007|website=www.kilkenny.ie|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302181851/http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/About_Kilkenny/History/Famous_Landmarks/Kilkenny_Castle.html|archive-date=March 2, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Births ==
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy]], French crusader (d. [[1271]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUMOAQAAMAAJ&q=1213+Hugh|title=Women in World History|last=Commire|first=Anne|publisher=Gale|year=1999|isbn=9780787640613|volume=I|location=Waterford, CT|pages=77|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] &ndash;  [[Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi]], Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CUlDwAAQBAJ&q=1213+Fakhr-al-Din+Iraqi&pg=PA87|title=Literary and Religious Practices in Medieval and Early Modern India|last=Clark|first=Matthew|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2017|isbn=9781351987325|editor-last=Aquil|editor-first=Raziuddin|location=London and New York|pages=87|language=en|chapter=Religious Sects, Syncretism, and Claims of Antiquity: The Dashanami–Sannyasis and South Asian Sufis’. In Literary, Religious and Political Cultures in Medieval and Early Modern India|editor-last2=Curley|editor-first2=David L.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQFNfOPAS04C&q=1213+Fakhr-al-Din+Iraqi&pg=PA176|title=The World of Persian Literary Humanism|last=Dabashi|first=Hamid|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2012|isbn=9780674067592|pages=Cambridge, MA and London|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ibn al-Nafis]], polymath (d. [[1288]])<ref name="مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية - الطبعة العاشرة, حلب">{{cite book |last1= أبو غدة|first1=عبد الفتاح |title=قيمة الزمن عند العلماء |publisher= مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية – الطبعة العاشرة, حلب|page=73 |date=1984 }}</ref>
* [[Hethum I, King of Armenia]], ruler of the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] (d. [[1270]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 18]] &ndash; Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]] (b. c. [[1160]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyZYS_GxglIC&q=1213+Tamar+of+Georgia&pg=PA579|title=Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present|last=Cook|first=Bernard A.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2006|isbn=9781851097708|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=579|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nARiDwAAQBAJ&q=1213+Tamar+of+Georgia&pg=PA39|title=Women Warriors|last=Schmermund|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Enslow Publishing, LLC|year=2017|isbn=9780766081529|location=New York|pages=39–43|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Guy of Thouars]], regent of Brittany<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IojohYAe4EC&q=1213+Guy+of+Thouars&pg=PA199|title=The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages|last=Baldwin|first=John W.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1991|isbn=9780520911116|location=Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford|pages=199|language=en|orig-year=1986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZS9rOweF8TIC&q=1213+Guy+of+Thouars|title=The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221|last1=Everard|first1=Judith|last2=Jones|first2=Michael C. E.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=1999|isbn=9780851157511|location=Woodbridge, UK|pages=141|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeI0AQAAMAAJ&q=1213+Guy+of+Thouars&pg=PA227|title=Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical|last1=Woodward|first1=Bernard Bolingbroke|last2=Cates|first2=William Leist Readwin|publisher=Lee and Shepard|year=1872|location=London|pages=227|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Maria of Montpellier]], Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon (b. [[1182]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpYz-JIpjR8C&q=1213+Maria+of+Montpellier&pg=PA352|title=Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture (2 Vol. Set)|last=Martin|first=Therese|publisher=BRILL|year=2012|isbn=9789004185555|series=Visualizing the Middle Ages|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=352|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIQTe2VaZQsC&q=1213+Maria+of+Montpellier&pg=PA30|title=The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath|last=de Puylaurens|first=Guillaume|publisher=Boydell Press|year=2003|isbn=9780851159256|location=Woodbridge, UK|pages=30|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 12]] &ndash; King [[Peter II of Aragon]] (killed in battle) (b. [[1174]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KSnHAAAAQBAJ&q=1213+Peter+II+Aragon&pg=PA1|title=The Mediterranean World of Alfonso II and Peter II of Aragon (1162–1213)|last=Jenkins|first=Ernest E.|publisher=Springer|year=2012|isbn=9781137078261|series=The New Middle Ages|location=New York|pages=2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_RioduTrpwC&q=1213+Peter+II+Aragon&pg=PA160|title=Buy Columbus Re-discovered: Why the King of Aragon Suppressed the Discoverer's Identity and How He Did|last=Sarfaty|first=David E.|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|year=2010|isbn=9781434997500|location=Pittsburgh, PA|pages=160|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Gertrude of Merania]], queen consort regent of Hungary ([[Assassination of Gertrude of Merania|murdered]]) (b. [[1185]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgokDwAAQBAJ&q=1213+Gertrude+of+Merania&pg=PT491|title=The Expansion of Central Europe in the Middle Ages|last=Berend|first=Nora|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=9781351890083|series=The Expansion of Latin Europe, 1000 - 1500|location=New York and London|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCmoDQAAQBAJ&q=1213+Gertrude+of+Merania&pg=PT117|title=New Approaches to Medieval Architecture|last1=Bork|first1=Robert|last2=Clark|first2=William W.|last3=McGehee|first3=Abby|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9781351915137|location=New York and London|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkwrDwAAQBAJ&q=1213+Gertrude+of+Merania&pg=PR24|title=The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians|last1=Loud|first1=Graham A.|last2=Schenk|first2=Jochen|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2017|isbn=9781317022008|location=New York and London|pages=xxiii|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p4uHav3mZLsC&q=1213+Frederick+II+Lorraine&pg=PA467|title=Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia|last=Jeep|first=John M.|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2001|isbn=9780824076443|location=New York and London|pages=467|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLqEWwa7fT8C&q=1213+Geoffrey+Fitz+Peter&pg=PA213|title=Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: The Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants|last=Weis|first=Frederick Lewis|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company|year=1992|isbn=9780806313672|location=Baltimore, MD|pages=213|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LO5O22Zbz2cC&q=1213+Geoffrey+Fitz+Peter&pg=PA137|title=Justiceship England 1066-1232|last=West|first=Francis|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=9780521619646|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=137|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sharafeddin Tusi]], Persian mathematician (b. [[1135]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7jXVXcn09wC&q=1213+Sharaf+al-D%C4%ABn+al-%E1%B9%AC%C5%ABs%C4%AB&pg=PA109|title=History of Mathematics: Highways and Byways|last1=Dahan-Dalmédico|first1=Amy|last2=Peiffer|first2=Jeanne|publisher=Mathematical Association of America|year=2010|isbn=9780883855621|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=97|language=en|orig-year=1986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dhzCgAAQBAJ&q=1213+Sharaf+al-D%C4%ABn+al-%E1%B9%AC%C5%ABs%C4%AB&pg=PA66|title=The Historiography of Persian Architecture|last=Gharipour|first=Mohammad|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781317427223|location=London and New York|pages=66|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOGh7XPowAMC&q=1213+Sharaf+al-D%C4%ABn+al-%E1%B9%AC%C5%ABs%C4%AB&pg=PA426|title=The History of Mathematics.: A Brief Course|last=Cooke|first=Roger L.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2011|isbn=9781118030240|edition= Second|location=Hoboken, NJ|pages=426|language=en|orig-year=2005}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1213}}
[[Category:1213| ]]