Editing 1193

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1193}}
{{Year nav|1193}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Saladin Soldan d'Egypte (BM 1879,1213.302).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Saladin]] ('''the Lion''') (1137–1193)]]
Year '''1193''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXCIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Saladin]] ('''the Lion''') dies of a fever at [[Damascus]]. The lands of the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid Dynasty]] of [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] and [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]] are split among his relatives. During his reign, he briefly unites the Muslim world, and drives the Crusaders out of [[Jerusalem]] to a narrow strip of coast. At the time of his death, Saladin has seventeen sons and one little daughter. [[Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din|Al-Afdal]] succeeds his father as ruler (''[[emir]]'') of Damascus, and inherits the headship of the Ayyubid family. His younger brother, the 22-year-old [[Al-Aziz Uthman|Al-Aziz]], proclaims himself as independent sultan of Egypt. [[Az-Zahir Ghazi|Al-Zahir]] receives [[Aleppo]] (with lands in northern Syria), and [[Turan-Shah]] receives [[Yemen]]. The other dominions and fiefs in the [[Oultrejordain]] (also called Lordship of [[Montréal (castle)|Montréal]]) are divided between his sons and the two remaining brothers of Saladin.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 66–67. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[May]] &ndash; The Pisan colony at [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] plots to seize the city, and hand it over to [[Guy of Lusignan]] – the ruler of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]]. King [[Henry II, Count of Champagne|Henry I of Jerusalem]] arrests the ringleaders, and orders that the colony be reduced to only 30 people. The Pisans retaliate, by raiding the coastal villages between Tyre and [[Acre, Israel|Acre]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 70. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[February 14]] &ndash; King [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] ('''the Lionheart'''), previously imprisoned on his return from the [[Third Crusade]] by [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V]] ('''the Virtuous'''), duke of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]]<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|page=44}}</ref> is handed over to Emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]], and moved to [[Trifels Castle]].
* King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus''') marries [[Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France|Ingeborg of Denmark]], daughter of King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] ('''the Great'''). After the marriage, Philip changes his mind, wishes to obtain a separation, and attempts to send her back to [[Denmark]].<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Ingeborg |volume=14 |page=563}}</ref>
* King [[Tancred, King of Sicily|Tancred of Sicily]] arranges a marriage between his son [[Roger III of Sicily|Roger III]] and the 12-year-old [[Irene Angelina]], daughter of the Byzantine emperor [[Isaac II Angelos|Isaac II]] ('''Angelos'''). Roger suddenly dies on [[December 24]].

==== Asia ====
* Ghurid forces under [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]] capture [[Delhi]]. General [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji]] sacks and burns the ancient city of [[Nalanda]], India's greatest [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] seat of learning, and the university of [[Vikramashila]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Buddha and the Sahibs|authorlink=Charles Allen (writer)|first=Charles|last=Allen|year=2002}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Kujō Michiie]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1252]])
* [[Alice of Champagne]], queen of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (d. [[1246]])
* [[Altheides]], Cypriot philosopher and writer (d. [[1262]])
* [[Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice II]], French countess palatine (d. [[1231]])
* [[Henri de Dreux]], French archbishop (d. [[1240]])
* [[Frederick of Isenberg]], German nobleman (d. [[1226]])
* [[Giovanni da Penna]], Italian [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] priest (d. [[1271]])
* [[John III Doukas Vatatzes|John III]] ('''Doukas Vatatzes'''), emperor of [[Empire of Nicaea|Nicaea]] (d. [[1254]])
* [[John Angelos of Syrmia|John Angelos]] ('''Good John'''), Byzantine prince (d. [[1253]])
* [[John Devereux of Bodenham and Decies|John Devereux]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Juliana of Liège]], Belgian nun and [[Mysticism|mystic]] (d. [[1258]])
* [[Margaret of Scotland, Countess of Kent|Margaret of Scotland]], English noblewoman (d. [[1259]])
* [[Sayyed Ibn Tawus|Sayyed ibn Tawus]], Arab jurist and theologian (d. [[1266]])
* [[William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby|William de Ferrers]], English nobleman (d. 1254)

== Deaths ==
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Saladin]] ('''the Lion'''), sultan of [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]] and [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] (b. [[1137]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Pedro de Artajona]], Spanish nobleman and bishop 
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Robert FitzRalph]], English archdeacon and bishop
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Mieszko the Younger]], duke of [[Kalisz]] ([[Piast dynasty|House of Piast]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Minamoto no Noriyori]], Japanese general (b. [[1150]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Robert IV de Sablé|Robert IV]], French nobleman and Grand Master
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Saint Thorlak|Thorlak Thorhallsson]], Icelandic bishop (b. [[1133]])
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Roger III of Sicily|Roger III]], king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] ([[Hauteville family|House of Hauteville]]) 
* [[Balian of Ibelin]] ('''the Younger'''), French nobleman and knight 
* [[Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn]] (or '''Derval'''), Irish princess
* [[Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama|Düsum Khyenpa]], Tibetan spiritual leader (''[[karmapa]]'') (b. [[1110]])
* [[Fan Chengda]], Chinese politician and geographer (b. [[1126]])
* [[Emperor Renzong of Western Xia|Ren Zong]], Chinese emperor of the [[Western Xia]] (b. [[1124]])
* [[Walter de Berkeley of Redcastle|Walter de Berkeley]], Scottish nobleman (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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