Editing 1184

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1184|the [[Windir]] album|1184 (album)}}
{{Year nav|1184}}
{{C12 year in topic}}
[[File:Mainzer Hoffest.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] during the [[Diet of Pentecost]]]]
Year '''1184''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXXIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Tamar of Georgia]] becomes queen regnant on the death of her father and coregent [[George III of Georgia|George III]]. She remains sole ruler of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]] (the first woman to hold this office) until her death in [[1213]].
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Diet of Pentecost]]: Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]], Holy Roman Emperor, organises a conference in [[Mainz]]. During the diet Frederick negotiates with [[Henry the Lion]] about an anti-French alliance with [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fimreite]]: King [[Sverre of Norway]] defeats and kills his rival, [[Magnus V of Norway|Magnus V]] (Erlingsson) near [[Fimreite]]. Sverre takes the throne and becomes sole ruler of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (until [[1202]]).
* [[July 26]] &ndash; Approximately 60 are killed in the [[Erfurt latrine disaster]].
* Summer &ndash; Almohad forces reconquer the [[Alentejo]] (except for [[Évora]]), and besiege [[Lisbon]] on land and blockade the port with their navy. A Portuguese soldier manages to swim to the largest ship of the fleet and to sink it. This ship was so tall, it would have allowed the Muslims easily to reach the walls of the city. The next day, the Almohads have to retreat, taking with them a number of civilian captives.<ref name="Picard1997-1184" /> 
* [[Siege of Santarém (1184)|Siege of Santarém]]: Almohad forces under Caliph [[Abu Yaqub Yusuf]] march towards [[Badajoz]] and besiege [[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]], which is defended by King [[Afonso I of Portugal]] ("the Conqueror"). Upon hearing of Abu Yusuf's attack, [[Ferdinand II of León|Ferdinand II]] of [[Kingdom of León|León]] marches his army to Santarém to support his father-in-law, Afonso. Abu Yusuf, in an attempt to break the siege, is wounded by a crossbow bolt and dies on [[July 29]]. 
* [[October 29]] &ndash; The 18-year-old Prince [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry]], eldest surviving son of Frederick I, is engaged to Princess [[Constance I of Sicily|Constance]], heiress to the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], at [[Augsburg]] in the episcopal palace.<ref>Fröhlich, Walter (1993). ''The Marriage of Henry VI and Constance of Sicily: Prelude and Consequences'', pp. 100–101.</ref>
* The city of [[Abbeville]] receives its commercial charter by King [[Philip II of France]].

==== England ====
* The first royal ordinance demanding that the Knights [[Knights Templar|Templar]] and [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitaller]] assist in the collection of taxes is promulgated.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ferris|first=Eleanor|title=The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown|journal=American Historical Review|year=1902|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–17 |doi=10.2307/1832571 |jstor=1832571 }}</ref>
* King [[Henry II of England]] encourages his youngest (and favorite) son [[John, King of England|John]] to seize [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] from his brother [[Richard I of England|Richard]].<ref>Williams, Hywell (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 128. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[May]] &ndash; A serious fire damages [[Glastonbury Abbey]] and destroys several buildings.

==== Africa ====
* [[May]] &ndash; Berber forces under [[Banu Ghaniya|Ali Banu Ghaniya]] seize the Almohad cities of [[Algiers]], [[Béjaïa]] and [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] by surprise. While he is away from his base in [[Mallorca]], one of his brothers, Muhammad, takes control of the island and calls in the Almohads, who intend to capture Mallorca for themselves. Banu Ghaniya arrives just in time to defeat the Almohads and recapture the island.<ref name="Picard1997-1184">{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur]] is proclaimed the new caliph of the [[Almohad Caliphate]], after his father Abu Yaqub Yusuf is killed in [[Portugal]].

==== Levant ====
* [[Saladin]] sends his nephew [[Izz al-Din Usama]], governor (''[[emir]]'') of the iron-rich mountains near [[Beirut]], to build [[Ajloun Castle]], which controls the trade along the road between [[Damascus]] and [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Chandler G.|last=David|year=1993|publisher=Osprey|series=Campaign, 19|title=Hattin 1187|page=11|isbn=1-85532-284-6}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[February 19]] &ndash; Second [[Battle of Uji (1184)|Battle of Uji]]: Japanese forces under [[Minamoto no Yoshinaka]] are defeated by his cousins, [[Minamoto no Yoshitsune]] and [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], for the control of [[Japan]].<ref>Sansom, George (1958). ''A History of Japan to 1334'', pp. 296–297. {{ISBN|0804705232}}.</ref>
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Battle of Awazu]]: Minamoto no Yoshinaka is killed during a pursuit by his cousin's armies. He is joined by his foster brother [[Imai Kanehira]], who commits suicide.
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ichi-no-Tani]]: Japanese forces under [[Minamoto no Noriyori]] defeat the [[Taira clan]] at [[Ikuta Shrine]] in the woods of [[Settsu Province]] during the [[Genpei War]].<ref>Sansom, George (1958). ''A History of Japan to 1334'', pp. 298–299. {{ISBN|0804705232}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* The papal bull ''[[Ad Abolendam]]'' is issued against several European heretical groups: the [[Cathars]], the [[Waldensians]], the [[Cathars|Patarines]], [[Josephines]] and the [[Humiliati]]. It is created after a landmark meeting in [[Verona]], between the [[Holy Roman Empire]] under Frederick I and the [[Catholic Church]] under Pope [[Pope Lucius III|Lucius III]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[William of Winchester, Lord of Luneburg|William Longsword]], lord of [[Lüneburg]] (d. [[1213]])
* [[Ahmad al-Tifashi]], Almohad poet and anthologist (d. [[1253]])
* [[Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany]], English countess (d. [[1241]])
* [[Fujiwara no Hideyoshi]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1240]])
* [[Guigues VI of Viennois|Guigues VI]], count of [[Albon, Drôme|Albon]] ([[House of Burgundy]]) (d. [[1237]])
* [[Jutta of Thuringia]], margravine of [[Margravate of Meissen|Meissen]] (d. [[1235]])
* [[William of Modena]], Italian bishop and diplomat (d. [[1251]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria|Theodora Komnene]], duchess of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]]
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Gerard la Pucelle]], English bishop (b. [[1117]])
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Richard of Dover]], English archbishop
* [[February 21]] 
** [[Imai Kanehira]], Japanese military leader (b. [[1152]])
** [[Minamoto no Yoshinaka]], Japanese [[shogun]] (b. [[1154]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[George III of Georgia|George III]], king of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]]  ([[Bagrationi dynasty|House of Bagrationi]])
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Eckbert of Schönau]] (or Egbert), German [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abbot
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Magnus V of Norway|Magnus V]] (Erlingsson), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (b. [[1156]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Abu Yaqub Yusuf]], Almohad caliph ([[emir]]) (b. [[1135]])
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Arnold of Torroja]], Catalan Grand Master
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Siegfried, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen|Siegfried]], prince-archbishop of [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]] (b. [[1132]])
* [[November 15]] 
** [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy]], Holy Roman Empress consortr (b. [[1143]])
** [[William de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Warwick]], English nobleman
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Josceline de Bohon]], English bishop (b. [[1111]])
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Simon de Tosny]], Norman-Scottish bishop
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Aindréas of Caithness]], Gaelic-Scottish monk and bishop
* [[Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar]], Jewish physician (b. [[1101]])
* [[Agnes of Antioch]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (approximate date)
* [[Grimaldo Canella]], Italian nobleman ([[House of Grimaldi]])
* [[Li Tao (historian)|Li Tao]] (or Renfu), Chinese historian and writer (b. [[1115]])
* [[Pedro Fernández de Castro (Grand Master of the Order of Santiago)]], Spanish nobleman (b. 1115)
* [[Sasaki Hideyoshi]], Japanese nobleman and [[samurai]] (b. [[1112]])
* [[Taira no Atsumori]], Japanese warrior and samurai (b. [[1169]])
* [[Taira no Koremori]], Japanese nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Taira no Tadanori]], Japanese warrior and general (b. [[1144]])
* [[William de Vesci]], High Sheriff of [[Northumberland]] (b. [[1125]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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