Editing 1182

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1182}}
{{Year nav|1182}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Statue of Saladin Damascus.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|A statue of [[Saladin]] in [[Damascus]] (2008)]]
Year '''1182''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[April]] &ndash; [[Massacre of the Latins]]: The [[Eastern Orthodox]] inhabitants of [[Constantinople]] massacre the Venetian, [[Republic of Genoa|Genoan]], and other Latin officials and traders who rule as agents of Empress [[Maria of Antioch]]. She is the mother and [[regent]] of 12-year-old Emperor [[Alexios II Komnenos|Alexios II]]. 
* [[August]] &ndash; [[Andronikos I Komnenos|Andronikos Komnenos]], a cousin of Maria's late husband, Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] ('''Komnenos'''), raises an army and enters the city, representing himself as the 'protector' of Alexios. He is proclaimed as co-emperor under the name Andronikos I, and has Maria imprisoned and later condemned to be strangled – forcing a signature from Alexios to put his mother to death.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 348–349. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Saladin]] leads an Egyptian expeditionary force from [[Cairo]] to [[Syria]]. In June, he arrives in [[Damascus]] and learns that his nephew [[Farrukh Shah]] has raided [[Galilee]], and sacked the villages near [[Mount Tabor]]. On his way back, Farrukh Shah attacks the fortress of [[Cave de Sueth|Habis Jaldak]], carved out of the rock above the [[Yarmouk River|River Yarmuk]]. The garrison, Christian Syrians with no great wish to die for the [[Crusades|Crusaders]], promptly surrenders.<ref name="Steven Runciman 1952 p. 352">Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 352. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[July]] &ndash; [[August]] &ndash; [[Battle of Belvoir Castle]]: Saladin crosses into [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] round the south of the [[Sea of Galilee]]. King [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem|Baldwin IV]] ('''the Leper''') of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] marches with his army back from [[Oultrejordain]] and attacks Saladin's forces near [[Belvoir Castle (Israel)|Belvoir Castle]] (modern [[Israel]]). In a fierce battle, the Crusaders successfully repel Saladin's invasion. At the end of the day, each side retires, claiming the victory.<ref>Beeler, John (1971). ''Warfare in Feudal Europe, 730–1200'', p. 138. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University. {{ISBN|0-8014-9120-7}}.</ref>
* August &ndash; Saladin sends an Egyptian fleet to blockade [[Beirut]] and leads his forces in the [[Bekaa Valley]]. The city is strongly fortified and Baldwin IV rushes with his army up from Galilee – only pausing to collect the ships that lay in the harbors of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] and [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]]. Failing to take Beirut by assault before the Crusaders arrived, Saladin breaks off the siege and withdraws.<ref name="Steven Runciman 1952 p. 352"/>
* September &ndash; Saladin invades the [[Upper Mesopotamia|Jazira Region]], ending the truce between him and the [[Zengid dynasty|Zangids]]. After a feint attack on [[Aleppo]], he crosses the [[Euphrates]]. The towns of the Jazira fall before him; the cities of [[Edessa]], [[Suruç|Saruj]] and [[Nusaybin|Nisibin]] are captured in October. Saladin presses on to [[Mosul]], and begins the siege of the city on [[November 10]].<ref name="Steven Runciman 1952 p. 353">Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 353. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* November &ndash; [[Al-Nasir]], caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], is shocked by the war between fellow-Muslims and tries to negotiate a peace. Saladin, thwarted by the strong fortifications of Mosul, retreats to [[Sinjar]]. He marches to conquer [[Diyarbakir|Diarbekir]], the richest and the greatest fortress of the Jazira Region (with the finest library in [[Islam]]).<ref name="Steven Runciman 1952 p. 353"/>
* December &ndash; Baldwin IV raids through the [[Hauran]] and reaches [[Bosra]], while [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond of Tripoli]] recaptures Habis Jaldak. A few days later, Baldwin sets out with a Crusader force to Damascus and encamps at [[Darayya|Dareiya]] in the suburbs. He decides not to attack the city and retires laden with booty, to spend [[Christmas]] at Tyre.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 354. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Winter &ndash; [[Raynald of Châtillon]], lord of [[Oultrejordain]], orders the building of five ships which are carried to the [[Gulf of Aqaba]] at the northern end of the [[Red Sea]]. Part of his fleet makes a raid along the coast, threatening the security of the holy cities on [[Pharaoh's Island]] (or '''Île de Graye''').<ref>Barber, Malcolm (2012). ''The Crusader States'', p. 284. Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-11312-9}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus''') confiscates all the lands and buildings of the [[Jews]] and expels them from [[Paris]]. The measures are profitable in the short-term – the ransoms alone bringing in 15,000 marks and enriching Christians at the expense of Jews. Ninety-nine Jews are burned alive in [[Brie-Comte-Robert]].<ref>Bradbury, Jim (1997). ''Philip Augustus: King of France 1180–1223'', p. 53. The Medieval World (1st ed.). Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-582-06059-3}}.</ref>
* [[May 12]] &ndash; King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] ('''the Great''') dies after a 28-year reign in which he has gained independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. He is succeeded by his 19-year-old son [[Canute VI of Denmark|Canute VI]], who becomes ruler of [[Denmark]].
* [[Mieszko III the Old|Mieszko III]] ('''the Old'''), duke of [[Greater Poland]], agrees with his son [[Odon of Poznań]] to divide the territories between them: Mieszko hold his western lands and Odon receives the eastern lands south of the [[Obra (river)|River Obra]].
* May &ndash; June &ndash; [[Béla III of Hungary|Béla III]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]], [[Byzantine–Hungarian War (1180–1185)|ravages]] the region of [[Belgrade]] and [[Braničevo District|Barancs]] (modern-day [[Braničevo District|Braničevo]]). Meanwhile, [[Grand Principality of Serbia|Serbia]] allies itself with Hungary to gain independence.<ref>Makk, Ferenc (1989). ''The Árpáds and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century'', p. 116. (Translated by György Novák). Akadémiai Kiadó. {{ISBN|978-963-05-5268-4}}.</ref>
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Legend of Nazaré]]: Dom Fuas Roupinho, alcalde of [[Porto de Mós]], is inspired by a Marian miracle to erect the [[Sanctuary of Our Lady of Nazaré]] overlooking [[Nazaré, Portugal]]. Later this year while trying to enter the harbor of [[Ceuta]] by surprise to sink Muslim ships he is spotted and killed.<ref>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>
* A [[Siculo-Norman|Sicilian]] attempt to dislodge the Moorish fleet from [[Mallorca]] fails.<ref name="norman adversaries1182">{{cite book|last=Abels|first=Richard Philip|title=The Normans and their adversaries at war|year=2001|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|location=Woodbridge|isbn=0-85115-847-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOic9EEo3PIC&q=The+occasion+of+the+coming+of+the+Normans+to+southern+Italy |author2=Bachrach, Bernard S.|page=100}}</ref>

==== England ====
* [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]], Norman knight and head of the household of [[Henry the Young King]], is accused of having an affair with Henry's wife, Queen [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Margaret of France]]. Although contemporary chroniclers doubt the truth of these accusations. Henry starts the process to have his marriage annulled, William leaves the royal retinue, undergoing a period of self-imposed exile, and goes on a pilgrimage to [[Cologne]].<ref>Asbridge, Thomas (2015). ''The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones'', pp. 140–146. London: [[Simon & Schuster]].</ref>

==== Asia ====
* May &ndash; The [[Yōwa]] era, marked by [[famine]], ends during the reign of Emperor [[Emperor Antoku|Antoku]] in [[Japan]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* The [[Maronite Church]] reestablishes its affiliation with the [[Roman Catholic Church]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Minamoto no Yoriie]], Japanese [[shogun]] (d. [[1204]])
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Reginald de Braose]], Norman [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1228]])
* [[Alexios I of Trebizond|Alexios I]] ('''Megas Komnenos'''), emperor of [[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]] (d. [[1222]])
* [[Alexios IV Angelos|Alexios IV]] ('''Angelos'''), Byzantine emperor (approximate date)
* [[Alice of Vergy]], duchess and [[regent]] of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]]  (d. [[1251]])
* [[Bouchard IV of Avesnes|Bouchard IV]], French nobleman ([[Avesnes family|House of Avesnes]]) (d. [[1244]])
* [[Eleanor of Aragon, Countess of Toulouse|Eleanor of Aragon]], Spanish princess and countess (d. [[1226]])
* [[Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy|Enguerrand III]], French nobleman ([[Lords of Coucy|House of Coucy]]) (d. [[1242]])
* [[Francis of Assisi]], founder of the [[Franciscans|Franciscan Order]] (d. 1226)
* [[Fujiwara no Tomoie]], Japanese nobleman and poet (d. [[1258]])
* [[Jochi]], Mongol general and son of [[Genghis Khan]]
* [[Lutgardis]] (or '''Lutgarde'''), Flemish nun and saint (d. [[1246]])
* [[Maria of Montpellier]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] (d. [[1213]])
* [[Sakya Pandita]], Tibetan [[Tibetan Buddhism|Buddhist]] leader (d. 1251)
* [[Verdiana]], Italian noblewoman and saint (d. 1242)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Austria (1150s–1182)|Agnes of Austria]], queen of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (b. [[1154]])
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] ('''the Great'''), king of [[Denmark]] (b. [[1131]])
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[John Komnenos Vatatzes]], Byzantine general
* July &ndash; [[Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I)|Maria Komnene]], Byzantine princess (poisoned) (b. [[1152]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NN1xNdYH6n0C&q=1183+Renier+of+Montferrat&pg=PA340|title=Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection|last=Bellinger|first=Alfred Raymond|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|year=1999|isbn=9780884022336|volume=4. Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081 - 1261 : Part 1. Alexius I to Alexius V : (1081 - 1204)|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=340|language=en}}</ref>
* July &ndash; [[Renier of Montferrat]] (the ''Caesar'' John), Italian husband of Maria Komnene (poisoned) (b. [[1162]])<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQ3OquwzRvYC&q=1183+Renier+of+Montferrat&pg=PA144|title=The Templar Order in North-west Italy: (1142 - C. 1330)|last=Bellomo|first=Elena|publisher=BRILL|year=2008|isbn=9789004163645|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=144|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Marie I, Countess of Boulogne|Maria I]], countess of [[County of Boulogne|Boulogne]] (b. [[1136]])
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Pietro da Pavia]], Italian cardinal-bishop
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Robert III of Loritello|Robert III]], Italo-Norman nobleman
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Richard Peche]], bishop of [[Diocese of Lichfield|Coventry]]
* [[Ahmed-Al-Kabeer]], Arab preacher and teacher (b. [[1119]])
* [[Farrukh Shah]], Ayyubid ruler and nephew of [[Saladin]]
* [[Fujiwara no Kiyoko]], Japanese empress (b. [[1122]])
* [[Henry I, Count of Guelders|Henry I]], count of [[Guelders]] and [[County of Zutphen|Zutphen]] (b. [[1117]])
* [[Hugo Etherianus]], Italian cardinal and adviser (b. [[1115]])
* [[Kirill of Turov|Cyril of Turov]] (or '''Kirill'''), Russian bishop (b. [[1130]])
* [[Maria of Antioch]], Byzantine empress (b. [[1145]])
* [[Sonam Tsemo]], Tibetan Buddhist leader (b. [[1142]])
* [[Zhao Boju]], Chinese [[Landscape painting|landscape painter]] (b. [[1120]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1182}}
[[Category:1182| ]]