Editing 1180

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[[File:Couronnement de Philippe Auguste.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Coronation of [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] (1165–1223)]]

Year '''1180''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[September 24]] – Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] dies in [[Constantinople]] after a 37-year reign. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son, [[Alexios II Komnenos]], who will reign briefly as emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire]] under the regency of his mother, [[Maria of Antioch]]. Maria assumes power as regent (until 1183) and takes as her advisor and lover, [[Alexios Komnenos (protosebastos)]], a nephew of Manuel I, which causes scandal and unrest among the Byzantine populace.<ref>Runciman, Steven (1952). ''A History of the Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 347–348. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[January 13]] – [[Henry the Lion]], Duke of [[Saxony]] and [[Bavaria]], is stripped of his duchies and all his imperial fiefs at an [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] in [[Würzburg]] for violating the king's peace. On [[April 13]], Emperor [[Frederick I Barbarossa]] issues the [[Gelnhausen Charter]], formally dissolving Henry’s former domains. A portion of Saxony is reorganized as the [[Duchy of Westphalia]], while other territories are granted to his ally, [[Otto I, Duke of Bavaria|Otto I the Redhead]], Duke of Bavaria.
* [[September 18]] – King [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] (called the Younger) dies in [[Paris]] after a 43-year reign. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old son, [[Philip II of France|Philip II]], who becomes sole ruler of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] and reigns until 1223.
* Portuguese admiral {{ill|Dom Fuas Roupinho|pt|Fuas Roupinho}} defeats the Almohad fleet for the second time in two years.<ref name=Picard1997>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe–XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>
* The assembly traditionally considered the first [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland]] is convened at [[Łęczyca]] (approximate date).

==== England ====
* The town of [[Portsmouth]] is founded by the Norman merchant [[Jean de Gisors]], who establishes it as a strategic port to facilitate trade between [[England]] and France (approximate date).

==== Levant ==== 
* Summer – King [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem|Baldwin IV]] (known as "the Leper") sends envoys to [[Saladin]] proposing a peace treaty. Due to a severe drought, much of [[Syria]] is afflicted by [[famine]], prompting Saladin to agree to a two-year truce. Although [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond of Tripoli]] initially denounces the agreement, he is forced to accept it following an Ayyubid naval raid on the port city of [[Tartus]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 343. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Saladin intervenes in a conflict between the [[Zengid dynasty|Zengids]] of [[Mosul]] and the [[Artuqid dynasty|Artuqids]]. He persuades the [[Sultanate of Rum|Seljuk sultanate of Rum]] not to become involved and proceeds to raid [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Cilician Armenia]].<ref>David Nicolle (2011). ''Saladin''. Osprey Publishing: Command Series 12, p. 24. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}.</ref>
* Baldwin IV arranges the marriage of his sister, [[Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem|Sibylla]], to [[Guy of Lusignan]], brother of the constable [[Aimery of Cyprus|Amalric of Lusignan]]. Baldwin grants Guy the [[County of Jaffa and Ascalon]] as a fief.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 346. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[March 18]] – Emperor [[Emperor Takakura|Takakura]] is forced to abdicate by [[Taira no Kiyomori]] after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his two-year-old son, [[Emperor Antoku]], who will reign until [[1185]]. Kiyomori assumes control of the government, ruling as regent in the child emperor's name.
* [[Genpei War]]: Prince [[Mochihito]] launches a rebellion against the ruling [[Taira clan]]. In support of the uprising, [[Minamoto no Yorimasa]] issues a call to arms, appealing to several Buddhist monasteries—such as [[Enryaku-ji]], [[Mii-dera]], and others—that have been alienated by Kiyomori.<ref name=Sansom>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan to 1334 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjapanto00sans |url-access=registration |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1958 |ISBN=0804705232 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofjapanto00sans/page/277 277]–281}}</ref>
* [[June 20]] – [[Battle of Uji (1180)|Battle of Uji]]: Prince Mochihito and Minamoto no Yorimasa take refuge in the [[Byōdō-in]] Temple. They appeal to warrior monks for assistance, but are ultimately defeated by Taira forces. Yorimasa commits suicide, and Mochihito is killed while fleeing.
* [[September 14]] – [[Battle of Ishibashiyama]]: A Taira force of approximately 3,000 men, led by [[Ōba Kagechika]], defeats [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] near [[Mount Fuji]] (in present-day [[Odawara]]). Yoritomo narrowly escapes by sea and flees to [[Awa Province (Chiba)|Awa Province]].<ref name=Turnbull2>{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |title=The Samurai Sourcebook |publisher=Cassell & Co. |year=1998 |isbn=1854095234 |page=200}}</ref>
* [[November 9]] – [[Battle of Fujigawa]]: Minamoto forces, numbering around 30,000 and commanded by Minamoto no Yoritomo, defeat a Taira army under [[Taira no Koremori]] near the [[Fuji River]]. The Taira forces retreat in disorder, though Koremori manages to escape.<ref name=Turnbull3>{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |title=The Samurai: A Military History |publisher=MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. |year=1977 |ISBN=0026205408 |page=53}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Culture ====
* [[Alexander Neckam]] becomes a lecturer in [[Paris]] and begins writing ''De Natura Rerum'', one of the earliest Western European works to mention [[chess]] (approximate date).

==== Demography ====
* [[Hangzhou]], the capital of the [[Southern Song dynasty]] in [[China]], becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]] in the [[Almohad Caliphate]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |title=World's Largest Cities Through History |website=About.com Geography |access-date=March 1, 2006 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Births ==
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[1239]])
* [[Alfonso II, Count of Provence|Alfonso II]] ('''Berenguer'''), count of [[Provence]] (d. [[1209]])
* [[Berengaria of Castile|Berengaria]] ('''the Great'''), queen of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]] (d. [[1246]])
* [[Eric X of Sweden|Eric X]] ('''Knutsson'''), king of [[Sweden]] (approximate date)
* [[Fernán Gutiérrez de Castro]], Spanish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1223]])
* [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]], English nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Guala de Roniis]], Italian priest and bishop (d. [[1244]])
* [[Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln|Hawise of Chester]], English noblewoman (d. [[1143]])
* [[Ibn Abi Tayyi]], Syrian historian and poet (d. [[1228]])
* [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]], Indian [[Hindus|Hindu]] poet and writer (d. [[1250]])
* [[Paulus Hungarus]], Hungarian theologian (d. [[1241]])
* [[Philip of Ibelin (1180–1227)|Philip of Ibelin]], Cypriot nobleman and [[regent]] (d. [[1227]])
* [[Raimbaut de Vaqueiras]], French troubadour (d. [[1207]]) 
* [[Robert de Bingham]], bishop of [[Diocese of Salisbury|Salisbury]] (d. 1246)
* [[Robert of Burgate]], English nobleman (d. [[1220]])
* [[Simon, Count of Ponthieu|Simon of Dammartin]], French nobleman (d. 1239)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Eberhard I, Count of Berg-Altena|Eberhard I]], count of [[Berg (state)|Berg]]-[[Altena]] (b. [[1140]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Soběslav II, Duke of Bohemia|Soběslav II]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (b. [[1128]])
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Teresa Fernández de Traba]], queen of León
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Al-Mustadi]], caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (b. [[1142]])
* [[June 20]] 
** [[Minamoto no Yorimasa]], Japanese military leader (b. [[1106]])
** [[Prince Mochihito|Mochihito]], Japanese prince and son of [[Emperor Go-Shirakawa|Go-Shirakawa]]
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Turan-Shah]], Ayyubid emir (prince) of [[Damascus]] 
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Stephanie Alfonso of Castile|Stephanie]] ('''the Unfortunate'''), Spanish noblewoman
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[William of Sens]] (or '''Guillaume'''), French [[architect]]
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] ('''the Younger'''), king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. [[1120]])
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] ('''Komnenos'''), Byzantine emperor (b. [[1118]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Amalric of Nesle]], French prelate and Latin patriarch
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[John of Salisbury]], English philosopher and bishop 
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Lorcán Ua Tuathail]], Irish archbishop (b. 1128)
* [[Abraham ibn Daud]], Spanish-Jewish philosopher (b. [[1110]])
* [[Abū Ṭāhir al-Silafī]], Fatimid scholar and writer (b. [[1079]])
* [[John Tzetzes]], Byzantine poet and [[Modistae|grammarian]] (b. 1110)
* [[Joscelin of Louvain]], Flemish nobleman (b. [[1121]])
* [[Raynerius of Split]], Italian monk and archbishop
* [[Zhu Shuzhen]], Chinese poet and writer (b. [[1135]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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