Editing 1179

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1179}}
{{Year nav|1179}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Mieszko III Stary (275028).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Mieszko III the Old|Mieszko III]] ('''the Old''') (r. 1138–1202)]]
Year '''1179''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* [[April 10]] &ndash; A Crusader army, led by King [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem]] ("the Leper"), is ambushed by Muslim forces in a narrow valley in the forest of [[Baniyas|Banyas]]. Baldwin is only able to extricate his forces owing to the heroism of [[Humphrey II of Toron|Humphrey II]], lord of [[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem#Lordship of Toron|Toron]], who holds up the Muslims with his bodyguard till Baldwin and his army escape. Humphrey suffers mortal wounds and dies on [[April 22]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 342. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> He is succeeded by his 13-year-old grandson [[Humphrey IV of Toron|Humphrey IV]].
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Battle of Marj Ayyun]]: A Crusader army (some 10,000 men) led by Baldwin IV is defeated by Muslim forces under [[Saladin]] near the [[Litani River]] (modern [[Lebanon]]). The [[Knights Templar]] join the battle, but they are driven back in confusion. Baldwin narrowly escapes being captured in the route. Amongst Saladin's prisoners are [[Odo de St Amand|Odo de St. Amand]], Grand Master of the Templars, and Lord [[Baldwin of Ibelin]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 342–343. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Siege of Jacob's Ford]]: Muslim forces led by Saladin conquer and destroy the unfinished Castle of Chastellet at [[Daughters of Jacob Bridge|Jacob's Ford]], killing 80 knights and taking 700 civilians captive.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 343. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Kalvskinnet|Battle of Kalvskinnet]]: Norwegian forces led by King [[Sverre of Norway|Sverre Sigurdsson]] defeat and kill Earl [[Erling Skakke]], outside [[Nidaros]] in [[Norway]]. The battle changes the tide of the civil wars.
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Henry the Lion]], duke of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], is put under the ban of the empire when he refuses to appear before Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') to answer charges of misgovernment.<ref>William, Hywell (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History''. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 127. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; [[Afonso I of Portugal|Afonso I]] ('''the Conqueror''') is recognized as [[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]] by Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]] – bringing [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] the protection of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] against the [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] monarchy.
* [[Mieszko III the Old|Mieszko III]] ('''the Old'''), duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]], travels to [[Germany]] and ask Frederick I to offer help in his restoration of the Polish throne. But Frederick demands a payment of 10,000 silver.
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The 14-year-old [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] is crowned at [[Reims|Rheims]] by Archbishop [[William of the White Hands]]. He becomes joint ruler of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]], together with his father King [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]]. 
* King [[William the Lion|William I]] ('''the Lion''') establishes two castles at the [[Beauly Firth]] and the [[Cromarty Firth]] in northern [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]. On his return, the city of [[Aberdeen]] is chartered by Wiliam.<ref>Matheson, Alister Farquhar (2014). ''Scotland's Northwest Frontier: A Forgotten British Borderland'', p. 19. Troubador Publishing Ltd. {{ISBN|978-1-78306-442-7}}.</ref>

==== England ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Richard de Luci]] (or '''Lucy'''), High Sheriff of [[Essex]], resigns his judicial office. He enters [[Lesnes Abbey]] (near [[London]]) that he founded in [[Kent]], as penance for his part in the events leading to the murder of [[Thomas Becket]] (see [[1170]]). Richard dies there on [[July 14]].

==== Africa ====
* [[September 17]] &ndash; A large offensive, by the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] army led by [[Abu Yaqub Yusuf|Yusuf I]] in southern [[Portugal]], aims at the reconquest of the [[Alentejo]].<ref name="lameretlesmusulmans77">Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p.77.</ref> Further north, an Almohad fleet sails to attack [[Lisbon]], but is repelled by the Portuguese, near the [[Cabo Espichel|Cape Espichel]].<ref name = "lameretlesmusulmans77"/> The Portuguese fleet later manages to enter in the harbour of [[Ceuta]], and destroy a number of Muslim ships. It is the beginning of a four-year naval conflict between the Almohads and Portuguese.

==== Asia ====
* [[Taira no Kiyomori]], Japanese military leader, confines the former Emperor [[Emperor Go-Shirakawa|Go-Shirakawa]] to his quarters after discovering that he has tried to confiscate the estates of Kiyomori's deceased children.

==== Mesoamerica ====
* The [[Maya civilization|Maya]] city [[Chichen Itza]] is sacked and burned by [[Hunac Ceel]], ruler of [[Mayapan]] (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* March &ndash; [[Third Council of the Lateran]]: The Council condemns [[Waldensians]] and [[Cathars]] as [[Christian heresy|heretics]]. It further institutes a reformation of clerical life and regulates that in order to prevent future [[schism]]s, the pope must receive {{frac|2|3}} of the cardinals' votes to be elected.
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Hildegard of Bingen]], German [[abbess]] and [[polymath]], dies at [[Rupertsberg]]. Having founded two monasteries, she has also written theological, botanical, and medicinal texts.
* [[Westminster School]] is founded by [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monks of [[Westminster Abbey]] (by papal command) in [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* A synod of thirty-three Armenian bishops in [[Hromkla]] discusses the conditions for union with the [[Greek Orthodox Church|Byzantine Church]] and sends a profession of faith to emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] who dies before receiving it.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=B. |editor1-last=Ciggaar |editor1-first=Krijna Nelly |editor2-last=Teule |editor2-first=Herman G. B. |title=East and West in the Crusader States: Context, Contacts, Confrontations II : Acta of the Congress Held at Hernen Castle in May 1997 |date=1999 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-429-0786-7 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIcB2H-O_ZoC |access-date=26 February 2024 |language=en |chapter=Aimery of Limoges and the Unity of Churches}}</ref>
* The [[Drigung Kagyu]] school of [[Kagyu]] [[Buddhism]] is founded (approximate date).
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Fariduddin Ganjshakar]], Indian preacher (d. [[1266]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Theobald III, Count of Champagne|Theobald III]], count of [[County of Champagne|Champagne]] (d. [[1201]])
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Ogasawara Nagatsune]], Japanese warrior (d. [[1247]])
* [[Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress|Constance of Aragon]], Holy Roman Empress (d. [[1222]])
* [[Donatus of Ripacandida]], Italian monk and saint (d. [[1198]])
* [[John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut]], constable (d. [[1236]])
* [[Konoe Iezane]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] and monk (d. [[1243]])
* [[Shimazu Tadahisa]], Japanese warlord (d. [[1227]])
* [[Serapion of Algiers]], English priest and martyr (d. [[1240]])
* [[Snorri Sturluson]], Icelandic historian and poet (d. [[1241]])
* [[William IV, Count of Ponthieu]] ("Talvas"), Norman nobleman (d. [[1221]])
* [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]], Arab geographer and writer (d. [[1229]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Adelelm (Dean of Lincoln)|Adelelm]], English [[Lord High Treasurer]] 
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Humphrey II of Toron|Humphrey II]], constable and lord of [[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem#Lordship of Toron|Toron]] (b. [[1117]])<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 342. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Erling Skakke]], Norwegian nobleman (b. [[1115]])
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Richard de Luci]], Norman High Sheriff (b. [[1089]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Mudzaffar Shah I of Kedah|Mudzaffar Shah I]], ruler of the [[Kedah Sultanate]]
* [[August 9]] &ndash; [[Roger of Worcester]], English bishop (b. [[1118]])
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[William le Gros, Earl of York|William le Gros]] ('''la Gras'''), English nobleman 
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Taira no Shigemori]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1138]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Hildegard of Bingen]], German abbess (b. [[1098]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Odo de St Amand|Odo de St. Amand]], French Grand Master (b. [[1110]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Chŏng Chung-bu]], Korean military leader (b. [[1106]])
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Roger de Bailleul]], French monk and [[abbot]]
* [[Dōin|Fujiwara no Atsuyori]] (or '''Dōin'''), Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet (b. [[1090]])
* [[Guihomar IV, Viscount of Léon|Guihomar IV]] (or '''Guidomar'''), Breton nobleman (b. [[1130]])
* [[Reginald de Warenne]] (or '''Rainald'''), Norman nobleman
* [[Urraca of Castile, Queen of Navarre|Urraca of Castile]] ('''Alfonso'''), queen of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] (b. [[1133]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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