Editing 1175

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year dab|1175}}
{{Year nav|1175}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:William of tyre.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[William of Tyre]] (c. 1130–1186)]]
Year '''1175''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Britain ====
* King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] begins living openly with his mistress [[Rosamund Clifford]], raising suspicions about their relationship and alienating Henry's wife, Queen [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]].<ref>''King John'' by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961.  p. 26.</ref>
* Eleanor of Aquitaine is held under house arrest at [[Old Sarum Castle]] in [[Wiltshire]]. She is kept in comfort there – fine clothes for her are dispatched regularly from [[London]].<ref>Weir, Alison (2008). ''Eleanor of Aquitaine: By the Wrath of God, Queen of England'', pp. 154–155. {{ISBN|978-0-09-952355-0}}.</ref> 
* [[Treaty of Windsor (1175)|Treaty of Windsor]]: High King [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]] relinquishes his title and agrees to submit to Henry II as vassal of [[Connacht]] in [[Ireland]].
* Winter &ndash; The [[Abergavenny Castle|Massacre of Abergavenny]] ends with several Welsh noblemen dead, at the orders of Lord [[William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber|William de Braose]].

==== Europe ====
* Under the admirals of the clan [[Banu (Arabic)|Banu]] Mardanish, an [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] fleet suffers a large defeat at the hand of the [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]], as they are trying to re-conquer [[Lisbon]].<ref>Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p.77.</ref>
* [[Vordingborg Castle]] is completed by King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] of [[Denmark]] as a defensive fortress.
* The [[University of Modena and Reggio Emilia]] in [[Italy]] is founded.

==== Levant ====
* [[May 22]] &ndash; A group of Isma'ili [[Order of Assassins|Assassins]] gains access into [[Saladin]]'s camp and attempts to kill him during the siege of [[Aleppo]]. But his bodyguard saves his life, the others are slain while trying to escape.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command - Saladin, pp.20–21. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* The Chinese court establishes several government-[[Banknote|paper money]] factories in the cities of [[Chengdu]], [[Hangzhou]] and [[Huizhou]]. In Hangzhou alone a daily workforce of more than 1,000 men is employed.<ref>Needham, Joseph (1986). ''Science and Civilisation in China'': Volume 5: Part 1, p. 48. Cambridge University Press.</ref>
* The [[Namayan|Namayan Kingdom]] formed by a confederation of [[Barangay state|barangays]], reaches its peak on [[Luzon]] (modern [[Philippines]]).<ref name="Pasay">{{cite web | title = About Pasay&nbsp; - History: Kingdom of Namayan | work = Pasay city government | publisher = City Government of Pasay | url =http://www.pasay.gov.ph/About.html | access-date = 2008-02-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100921185725/http://www.pasay.gov.ph./About.html |archive-date = 2010-09-21}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* The High Academy of the [[Bosnian Church]] in Moštre (modern-day [[Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Visoko]]), is first mentioned in the [[Vatican Apostolic Archive|Vatican archives]].
* Count [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond of Tripoli]] appoints [[William of Tyre|William II]] as [[officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|chancellor of Jerusalem]] and is elected as archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tyre|Tyre]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Htilominlo|Nadaungmya]], king of [[Pagan Kingdom|Burma]] (d. [[1235]])
* [[Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah|Al-Zahir]], caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (d. [[1226]])
* [[Emo of Friesland]], Frisian scholar and [[abbot]] (d. [[1237]])
* [[Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg)|Frederick I]], duke of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] (d. [[1198]])
* [[Henry Audley]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1246]])
* [[Herman II, Lord of Lippe|Herman II]], German nobleman ([[House of Lippe]]) (d. [[1229]])
* [[Hōjō Tokifusa]], Japanese nobleman and monk (d. [[1240]])
* [[Margaret of Hungary]], Byzantine empress (d. [[1223]])
* [[Michael Scot]], Scottish mathematician and scholar (d. [[1232]])
* [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]], Holy Roman Emperor ([[House of Welf]]) (d. [[1218]])
* [[Philip I of Namur|Philip I]], margrave of [[County of Namur|Namur]] (d. [[1212]])
* [[Raymond of Penyafort]], Spanish Dominican friar (d. [[1275]])
* [[Robert Grosseteste]], English statesman (d. [[1253]])
* [[Roger III of Sicily|Roger III]], king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] ([[Hauteville family|House of Hauteville]]) (d. [[1193]])
* [[Śārṅgadeva]], Indian [[Musicology|musicologist]] and writer (d. [[1247]])
* [[Subutai]], Mongol general and strategist (d. [[1248]])
* [[Theodore I Laskaris|Theodore I]], emperor of [[Empire of Nicaea|Nicaea]] (d. [[1221]])
* [[Yolanda of Flanders|Yolanda]], empress of the [[Latin Empire]] (d. [[1219]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Yi Ui-bang]], Korean military leader (b. [[1121]])
*  [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Ibn Asakir]], Syrian historian and [[Mysticism|mystic]] (b. [[1105]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Frederick of Hallum]], Frisian priest and abbot
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Mleh, Prince of Armenia|Mleh I]], prince of [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Armenia]]
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Ishoyahb V]], patriarch of the [[Church of the East]] 
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall|Reginald de Dunstanville]], English nobleman (b. [[1110]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Ponce de Minerva]], French nobleman and general 
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Andrew of Saint Victor]], English abbot and scholar
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Henry of France, Archbishop of Reims|Henry of France]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]] (b. [[1121]])
* [[Ibn Saad al-Khair al-Balancy]], Arab Andalusian linguist and poet (b. [[1116]])
* [[Clementia of Zähringen]], duchess of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] and [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]]
* [[Maria Torribia]], Spanish laywoman and [[hermit]]
* [[Nicholas Hagiotheodorites]], Byzantine scholar and official

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1175| ]]