Editing 1172

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1172}}
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[[File:Nte-kir-3bela.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Béla III of Hungary|Béla III]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (r. 1172–1196)]]
Year '''1172''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* April&ndash;May &ndash; [[Béla III of Hungary|Béla III]] returns to [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] – where he is acclaimed king by the Hungarian [[nobility]], after the death (possibly from poison) of his elder brother [[Stephen III of Hungary|Stephen III]], on [[March 4]]. 
* [[May 28]] &ndash; Doge [[Vitale II Michiel]], accused at a General Assembly at the [[Doge's Palace|Ducal Palace]], for the destruction of the Venetian fleet, is stabbed to death by an angry mob at [[Venice]].
* Summer &ndash; The 14-year-old Richard (later [[Richard I of England]]) is formally recognized as duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]]. The ceremony takes place at the church of St. Hilary in [[Poitiers]].<ref>Turner, Ralph; Heiser, Richard (2013). ''The Reign of Richard Lionheart: ruler of the Angevin empire, 1189-99''. London: Routledge: Taylor and Francis, p. 57. {{ISBN|978-1-317-8904-23}}.</ref>
* A Muslim rebellion is quelled at [[Prades, Baix Camp|Prades]] in [[Catalonia]]; this event marks the end of the pacification of the lands recently conquered by Count [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer IV]] ("the Saint").<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGrank|first=Lawrence|title=Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the Principality of Tarragona 1129-55|journal=Journal of Medieval History|year=1981|volume=7|issue=1|pages=67–82|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1}}</ref>

==== Britain ====
* [[April 17]] &ndash; Henry II receives homage from the Irish princes who include [[Domnall Mór Ua Briain]], king of [[Kingdom of Munster|Munster]]. He grants [[Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath|Hugh de Lacy]] the lordship of [[Kingdom of Meath|Meath]] (or Mide) for providing the services of 50 knights.<ref>Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (1892). "Lacy, Hugh de (d. 1186)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). ''Dictionary of National Biography'', p. 31. London: Smith, Elder & Co.</ref>
* King [[Henry II of England]] and [[Humbert III, Count of Savoy]] ("the Blessed") agree to the marriage of their respective heirs, [[John, King of England|John]] and Alicia. The alliance never occurs because Henry's elder heir, [[Henry the Young King]], becomes jealous over the castles in the realm which Henry has promised to the couple. He stages a rebellion which will take Henry two years to put down. By that time, Alicia will have died.<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|page=29}}</ref>

==== Egypt ====
* Summer &ndash; Emir [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]] begins a two year war against the [[Danishmendids]]. He creates a buffer zone between the Syrian realm and [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]]. Meanwhile, he releases [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Count Raymond of Tripoli]] for the sum of 80,000 dinars.
* Winter &ndash; The Nubians are engaged in a series of skirmishes along the frontier in [[Upper Egypt]]. A force of  [[Kurds|Kurdish]] troops under [[Turan-Shah]], a brother of [[Saladin]], attack the Nubians. He installs a garrison in [[Qasr Ibrim]].<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 - Saladin, p. 4. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Henry II of England]] does penance at [[Avranches Cathedral]] for the murder of [[Thomas Becket]].
* [[September 27]]–[[September 28|28]] &ndash; [[Compromise of Avranches]]: [[Pope Gregory VIII|Alberto di Morra]] is sent by [[Pope Alexander III]] to the [[Council of Avranches]] to investigate the [[Becket controversy]]. Henry II is absolved of censures for Becket's murder in view of his penance and swears to go on a crusade. He revokes two controversial clauses of the [[Constitutions of Clarendon]] and is reconciled with the papacy.
* c. October &ndash; The [[Synod of Cashel]] in Ireland brings [[Celtic Christianity]] more into alignment with the [[Latin Church]] (the modern [[Catholic Church]]).
* According to the annals of the [[Worcester Cathedral#Worcester Priory|Worcester Priory]] in England, "nothing memorable" happens in this year.<ref>{{cite book|volume=4|title=Annales Monastici|editor-first=Henry Richards|editor-last=Luard|year=1869|quote=MCLXXII. Nihil memoriale.}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Matsudono Moroie]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1238]])
* [[Al-Qifti]], Egyptian historian and biographer (d. [[1248]])
* [[Az-Zahir Ghazi]], Ayyubid ruler of [[Aleppo]] (d. [[1216]])
* [[Baldwin I, Latin Emperor|Baldwin I]], emperor of the [[Latin Empire]] (d. [[1205]])
* [[Conrad II, Duke of Swabia|Conrad II]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]] and [[Rothenburg ob der Tauber|Rothenburg]] (d. [[1196]])
* [[Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke|Isabel de Clare]], countess of [[Pembrokeshire|Pembroke]] (d. [[1220]])
* [[Isabella I of Jerusalem|Isabella I]], queen and [[regent]] of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (d. 1205)
* [[Louis I, Count of Blois|Louis I of Blois]], French nobleman (d. 1205)

== Deaths ==
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Stephen III of Hungary|Stephen III]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (b. [[1147]])
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Il-Arslan]], Khwarezm ruler (''[[shah]]'')
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Vitale II Michiel]], doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia|Ludwig II]], German nobleman (b. [[1128]])
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Ugo Ventimiglia]], Italian cardinal
* [[Douce II, Countess of Provence|Douce II]], countess of [[Provence]] (b. [[1162]])
* [[Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]]
* [[Hugh of Fouilloy]], French [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]] and writer
* [[Ibn Qalaqis]], Fatimid poet and writer (b. [[1137]])
* [[Robert fitzEdith|Robert FitzEdith]], English nobleman (b. [[1093]])
* [[Robert FitzRanulph]], English [[high sheriff]] 
* [[William III, Count of Ponthieu|William III]], French nobleman (b. 1093)
* [[William VII of Montpellier|William VII]], French nobleman b. [[1131]])
* [[Henry, Prince of Capua]], Sicilian prince (b. [[1160]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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