Editing 1170

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1170}}
{{Year nav|1170}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Thomas Becket Murder.JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|Murder of [[Thomas Becket]] (c. 1200)]]
Year '''1170''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
 
==== Levant ====
* Winter &ndash; Egyptian forces, led by [[Saladin]], invade the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]], and besiege [[Deir al-Balah|Darum]] on the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege engines with him, the fall seems imminent. King [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric I]] withdraws his [[Knights Templar|Templar]] garrison from [[Gaza City|Gaza]], to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord [[Miles of Plancy]]), and massacres the inhabitants. However, the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat to [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 317–318. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Saladin sends an Egyptian squadron up the [[Gulf of Aqaba]], which captures the Crusader outpost of [[Aqaba|Aila]], at the head of the Gulf.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 318. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== England ====
* [[June 14]] &ndash; King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] has his 15-year-old son, [[Henry the Young King]], crowned by [[Roger de Pont L'Évêque|Roger]], [[Archbishop of York]], as [[Coronation#Coronation of heirs apparent|junior king]] and heir to the English throne. The coronation drives [[Pope Alexander III]] to allow the exiled [[Thomas Becket]] (whose privilege as [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] to crown English monarchs has been infringed) to lay an [[interdict]] on England as punishment, and this threat forces Henry to negotiate with Becket. [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Sir William Marshal]] is appointed tutor-in-arms to Henry the Young King.
* [[July 22]] &ndash; Henry II and Thomas Becket meet near [[Fréteval]], [[France during the Middle Ages|France]], where they come to an agreement to end their differences. This results in Becket's partial restoration.
* November &ndash; [[Becket controversy]]: Thomas Becket excommunicates three bishops.<ref>{{cite book|first=W. L.|last=Warren|title=Henry II|pages=506–9}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Becket controversy]]: Henry II sends word that his conflict with Thomas Becket is at an end, and his lands will be restored. Becket returns to [[Kingdom of England|England]], landing at [[Sandwich, Kent|Sandwich]].
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Thomas Becket]] is assassinated by four knights (who believe themselves to be carrying out Henry II's wishes) in [[Canterbury Cathedral]], after his refusal to be arrested for breaking his agreement with Henry II.<ref>Frank Barlow (1986). ''Thomas Becket'', p. 236. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|978-0-297-79189-8}}.</ref>
* This is the earliest date for the making of [[cheddar cheese]] in [[Somerset]] (this is according to a [[pipe roll]] of Henry II, who purchases 10,240 lb of cheddar at a [[Farthing (British coin)|farthing]] per pound).

==== Ireland ====
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland]]: Following a siege, combined Anglo-Norman and Irish forces seize the city of [[Dublin]], forcing [[Ascall mac Ragnaill]], last [[Kingdom of Dublin|King of Dublin]], into exile.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00work|url-access=registration|last=Foster|first=R. F.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-19-822970-4 }}</ref>

==== Africa ====
* [[Fes, Morocco|Fes]] in the [[Almohad Caliphate]] (modern [[Morocco]]) becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from [[Constantinople]], capital of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|title=Largest Cities Through History|work=About.com Geography|access-date=March 1, 2006|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> 

==== Asia ====
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[1170 Syria earthquake]]: One of the largest [[earthquake]]s to hit [[Syria (region)|Syria]]. It forms part of a sequence of large earthquakes that propagate southwards along the [[Dead Sea Transform]],  starting with the [[1138 Aleppo earthquake]] and continuing with the [[1157 Hama earthquake|1157 Hama]], 1170 and [[1202 Syria earthquake|1202 Syria]] events.<ref name=Ambraseys>{{cite journal|title=The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|first=Nicholas N.|last=Ambraseys|author-link=Nicolas Ambraseys|year=2004|journal=Annals of Geophysics|publisher=[[National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology|Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia]]|volume=47|number=2–3|pages=733, 738, 745, 750}}</ref>
* The palace guards massacre the civil officials at the Korean court of [[Goryeo]] and place [[Myeongjong of Goryeo|Myeongjong]] as new ruler on the throne of the Goryeo dynasty.

=== By topic ===

==== Folklore ====
* The Welsh prince [[Madoc]] (son of King [[Owain Gwynedd|Owain ap Gruffudd]] of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]]) sails to [[North America]], in his ship the ''[[Gwennan Gorn]]'', and founds a colony.

==== Religion ====
* [[Peter Waldo]], a French merchant of [[Lyon]], starts the popular religious movement of the "Poor Men of Lyon", or [[Waldensians|Waldenses]].<ref>Hywell Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref></onlyinclude>
* [[Pope Alexander III]] addresses a series of letters to the backward Swedish church. He wants to impose the strict canonical requirements on the [[Swedes]], that is, the ecclesiastical legal system. Due to being Christianized in 1050,  [[Sweden]] is having trouble to fully adapt to the [[Catholicism]] that is preached and acted on in [[Europe]].<ref>Franklin D. Scott, Sweden: The Nation's History (University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 1977) p. 58.</ref>

== Births ==
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Isabella of Hainault]], queen of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (d. [[1190]])
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Valdemar II of Denmark|Valdemar II]] ('''the Conqueror'''), king of [[Denmark]] (d. [[1241]]) 
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Saint Dominic|Dominic]], founder of the [[Dominican Order]] (d. [[1221]])
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Vladimir III Igorevich]], Kievan prince (d. [[1211]])
* [[Agnes I, Countess of Nevers|Agnes I]], countess of [[County and Duchy of Nevers|Nevers]], [[County of Auxerre|Auxerre]] and [[County of Tonnerre|Tonnerre]] (d. [[1192]])
* [[Al-Dakhwar]], Ayyubid physician and medical officer (d. [[1230]])
* [[Amaury I de Craon|Amaury I]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] ([[craon family|House of Craon]]) (d. [[1226]])
* [[Asukai Masatsune]], Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet and writer (d. 1221)
* [[Azzo VI of Este]] (or '''Azzolino'''), Italian nobleman (d. [[1212]])
* [[Bahauddin Zakariya]], Ghurid scholar and poet (d. [[1262]])
* [[Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt]], French nobleman (d. [[1246]])
* [[Ermengarde de Beaumont]], queen of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1233]])
* [[Eustace the Monk]], French mercenary and pirate (d. [[1217]])
* [[Franca Visalta]], Italian nun and [[abbess]] (approximate date)
* [[Gebhard I of Plain]] (or '''Pleyen'''), German bishop (d. [[1232]])
* [[Giovanni Colonna (died 1245)|Giovanni Colonna]] ('''the Younger'''), Italian cardinal (d. [[1245]])
* [[Henry Borwin II, Lord of Mecklenburg|Henry Borwin II]] (or '''Burwy'''), German nobleman (d. 1226)
* [[Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent|Hubert de Burgh]], English [[Justiciar|Chief Justiciar]] (approximate date)
* [[John of Brienne]] (or '''John I'''), king of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (d. [[1237]])
* [[Fibonacci|Leonardo of Pisa]], Italian mathematician (approximate date)
* [[Lope Díaz II de Haro|Lope Díaz II]], Castilian nobleman ([[House of Haro]]) (d. [[1236]])
* [[Maelgwn ap Rhys]], Welsh prince of [[Deheubarth]] (d. 1230)
* [[Matilda of Boulogne, Duchess of Brabant|Matilda of Boulogne]], duchess of [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]] (approximate date)
* [[Minamoto no Ienaga]], Japanese nobleman and poet (d. [[1234]])
* [[Muqali]] (or '''Mukhhulai'''), Mongol military leader (d. [[1223]])
* [[Pons d'Ortaffa]], Catalan nobleman and [[troubadour]] (d. 1246)
* [[Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester|Ranulf de Blondeville]], English nobleman and [[regent]] (d. 1232)
* [[Richard de Percy]], English nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada]], Navarrese bishop (d. [[1247]])
* [[Roger de Lacy (1170–1211)|Roger de Lacy]], English nobleman and crusader (d. 1211)
* [[Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester|Saer de Quincy]], 1st [[Earl of Winchester]] (approximate date)
* [[Sophia of Wittelsbach]], German noblewoman (d. [[1238]])
* [[Theoderich von Wied|Theoderich II von Wied]], German archbishop (d. [[1242]])
* [[Walther von der Vogelweide]], German lyrical poet (d. 1230)
* [[Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia|Xiang Zong]], Chinese emperor of [[Western Xia]] (d. 1211)
* [[Zhao Rukuo]], Chinese historian and politician (d. [[1231]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Wang Chongyang]], Chinese philosopher (b. [[1113]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Minamoto no Tametomo]], Japanese [[samurai]] (b. [[1139]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Lope Díaz I de Haro]], Castilian nobleman (b. [[1105]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Godric of Finchale]], English [[hermit]] and merchant 
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Reginald II, Count of Bar|Reginald II of Bar]] (or '''Renaud'''), French nobleman
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Mstislav II of Kiev|Mstislav II Izyaslavich]], Grand Prince of [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]]
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Qutb al-Din Mawdud]], Zangid ruler of [[Mosul]]
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Heilika of Lengenfeld]], German countess 
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Albert the Bear|Albert I]] ('''the Bear'''), German nobleman
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Gerung of Meissen]], German bishop
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Al-Mustanjid]], Abbasid caliph (b. [[1124]])
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Thomas Becket]], English archbishop
* [[Abu Hamid al-Gharnati]], Andalusian traveller (b. [[1080]])
* [[Aindileas Ua Chlúmháin]], Irish chief poet and writer
* [[Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden|Christina Björnsdotter]], queen of [[History of Sweden (800–1521)#Middle Ages|Sweden]] (b. [[1120]])
* [[Eliezer ben Nathan]], German [[rabbi]] and poet (b. [[1090]])
* [[Saint Gerlach|Gerlach of Valkenburg]], Dutch hermit (b. [[1100]])
* [[Gonçalo Mendes da Maia]], Portuguese knight
* [[Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] 
* [[Ibn Zafar al-Siqilli]], Arab-Sicilian politician (b. [[1104]])
* [[Joseph Kimhi]], Spanish rabbi and poet (b. 1105) 
* [[Owain Gwynedd|Owain ap Gruffudd]], king of Gwynedd (b. 1100)
* [[Robert Fitzharding]], English nobleman (b. [[1095]])
* [[Ruben II, Prince of Armenia|Ruben II]] (or '''Roupen'''), Armenian prince (b. [[1165]])
* [[Zishou Miaozong]], Chinese [[Zen]] master (b. 1095)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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