Editing 1166

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1166}}
{{Year nav|1166}}
{{C12 year in topic}}
[[File:Dedication mosaic - Cathedral of Monreale - Italy 2015 (crop).JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[William II of Sicily]] (who succeeds to the throne age 12 this year) offering the [[Monreale Cathedral]] to the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]].]]
Year '''1166''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Byzantine Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] asks [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] to help pay the costs of defending [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], whose Norman rulers have had good relations with Venice. Doge [[Vitale II Michiel]] refuses to pay the requested subsidy. Manuel begins to cultivate relationships with the main commercial rivals of Venice: [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] and [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]]. He grants them their own trade quarters in [[Constantinople]], very near the Venetian settlements.

==== Europe ====
* [[May 7]] &ndash; King [[William I of Sicily|William I]] ("the Wicked") of [[Sicily]] dies at [[Palermo]] after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his 12-year-old son [[William II of Sicily|William II]] ("the Good"), whose mother, [[Margaret of Navarre]], will be [[regent]] until he comes of age.
* [[July 5]] &ndash; The town of [[Bad Kleinkirchheim]] (in modern [[Austria]]) is first mentioned, in an ecclesiastical document, in which Archbishop [[Conrad of Babenberg|Conrad II]] of [[prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]] confirms the donation of a chapel, nearby [[Millstatt Abbey]].
* Autumn &ndash; Holy Roman Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]] begins his fourth Italian campaign, hoping to secure the claim of [[Antipope Paschal III]] in [[Rome]] and the coronation of his wife [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy]], as Holy Roman Empress.
* [[Mieszko III the Old]] proclaims a [[Prussian crusade]] against the pagans and pressures the collaboration of Frederick I. He leaves [[Greater Poland]] in the hands of his younger brother [[Casimir II the Just]].
* [[Henry the Lion]], duke of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], has the [[Brunswick Lion]] created at [[Dankwarderode Castle]] in [[Braunschweig]] (modern [[Germany]]). (Mentioned by [[Albert of Stade]], a German abbot and chronicler, as the year of origin.)

==== British Isles ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Henry II of England]] invades and conquers [[Brittany]] to punish the local Breton barons. He grants the territory to his 7-year-old son [[Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany|Geoffrey]].<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=67–69|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* Henry II enacts the [[Assize of Clarendon]], reforming [[English law]], influential in the development of [[jury trial]] in [[common law]] countries worldwide.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/125|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/125 125–126]}}</ref>
* [[English feudal barony#Cartae Baronum|Cartae Baronum]] ("Charters of the Barons"), a survey commissioned by the English [[Treasury]] requiring each baron to declare how many knights he had enfeoffed.
* [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]], High King of [[Ireland]], is killed. He is succeeded by [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], king of [[Connacht]], who defeats [[Diarmaid mac Murchadha]] (or Dermot, another ruler in eastern Ireland) in battle. Diarmaid is exiled and goes to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] and the court of King [[Henry II of England]] to ask for assistance in retaking his kingdom. Henry gives him permission to find a willing army from either [[Kingdom of England|England]] or [[Wales]]. [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke]] ("Strongbow") and his half-brothers [[Robert FitzStephen]] and [[Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan]], agree to help Diarmaid mac Murchadha in return for Diarmaid's daughter's hand in marriage.
* Anglo-Norman soldier [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]] is [[knight]]ed while on campaign in Normandy; he will be described as "the greatest knight that ever lived".<ref>''L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal''.</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Al-Mansur Abdallah]], Zaidi [[imam]] (d. [[1217]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Henry II, Count of Champagne]] (Henry I, King of Jerusalem) (d. [[1197]])
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[John, King of England|John]], king of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (d. [[1216]])
* [[Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati]], Andalusian Moorish pharmacist (d. [[1239]])
* [[Arnold of Altena]], German [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1209]])
* [[Ch'oe U]], Korean general and dictator (d. [[1249]])
* [[Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon]], French [[rabbi]] (b. [[1224]])
* [[Odo III, Duke of Burgundy|Odo III]] (or Eudes), duke of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] (d. [[1218]])
* [[Shunten]] (Shunten-Ō), Ryukyu ruler of Okinawa (d. [[1237]])
* [[Wansong Xingxiu]], Chinese [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (d. [[1246]])
* Approximate date
** [[Alan IV, Viscount of Rohan|Alan IV]] ("the Young"), viscount of [[Rohan, Morbihan]] (d. [[1205]])
** [[Humphrey IV of Toron|Humphrey IV]], lord of [[Toron]]
** [[Philip d'Aubigny]], Anglo-Norman knight and courtier (d. [[1236]])
** [[William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey]], English nobleman (d. [[1240]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]], Persian preacher (b. [[1078]])
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester|Waleran de Beaumont]], English nobleman (b. [[1104]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[William I of Sicily|William I]] ("the wicked"), king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (b. [[1120]])
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Konoe Motozane]], Japanese nobleman (b. 1143)
* [[October 12]] &ndash; Henry I, duke of Wiślica
* [[Ahmad Yasawi]], Turkic [[Sufism|Sufi]] religious leader (b. [[1093]])
* [[Athanasius VII bar Qatra]], Syrian patriarch of [[Antioch]]
* [[Fujiwara no Motozane]], Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet (b. [[1143]])
* [[Gillamaire Ua Conallta]], Irish poet and [[Ollamh Érenn|Chief Ollam]] 
* [[Grigor III Pahlavuni]], Armenian catholicos of [[Holy See of Cilicia|Cilicia]] (b. [[1093]])
* [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]], High King of [[Ireland]]
* [[Saint Rosalia|Rosalia]], Norman-Sicilian noblewoman, hermit and saint (b. [[1130]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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