Editing 1164

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1164|the IEEE VHDL package specification|IEEE 1164}}
{{Year nav|1164}}
{{C12 year in topic}}
[[File:RainaldvonDassel.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Rainald of Dassel]] (c. 1120–1167)]] 
Year '''1164''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Scotland ====
* [[Battle of Renfrew]]: A [[Norse-Gaelic]] army led by Lord [[Somerled]], ruler of the [[Kingdom of the Isles|Isles]], invades [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and is routed by the Scottish forces under the command of [[Walter fitz Alan]] and [[Herbert of Selkirk]], bishop of [[Diocese of Glasgow and Galloway|Glasgow]].

==== England ====
* [[January 30]] &ndash; King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] tries to delimit spiritual and royal jurisdictions in the [[Constitutions of Clarendon]], written in large part by his councilor [[Richard de Luci]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/125|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/125 125–126]}}</ref>
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Thomas Becket]], having contended with Henry II over the power of secular courts, is found guilty of [[contempt of court]], and exiled to [[France in the Middle Ages|France]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Saladin]] accompanies his uncle, General [[Shirkuh]], with an army sent to the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] (modern [[Egypt]]) by [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]], ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Syria]].<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 – Saladin, p. 4. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}</ref>
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Battle of Harim]]: Zangid forces under Nur al-Din defeat and capture [[Bohemond III of Antioch|Bohemond III]] of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]], [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond of Tripoli]], and [[Hugh VIII of Lusignan|Hugh of Lusignan]].

==== Africa ====
* A commercial treaty grants access to [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]]-dominated ports to merchants from several European powers, including [[Marseille]] and [[Savona]].<ref name=Picard1997>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Emperor Sutoku]] of Japan dies in [[Sanuki Province]] (on the island of [[Shikoku]]), having lived in [[exile]] from the capital at [[Kyoto]] since [[1156]].

=== By topic ===

==== Markets ====
* [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] secures its loans against fiscal revenues, to obtain lower interest rates. In the first operation of this kind, the Republic obtains 1150 silver ''marci'', for 12 years of the taxes levied on the [[Rialto]] market.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[April 20]] &ndash; Antipope [[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Victor IV]] dies at [[Rome]] and is succeeded by [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]], who has gained election through the influence of Archchancellor [[Rainald of Dassel]].
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Uppsala]] is recognized as the seat of the Swedish metropolitan, with the coronation of its first archbishop [[Stefan (archbishop of Uppsala)|Stefan]], by Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]].
* King [[Olaf II of Norway|Olaf II]] of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] is canonized as Saint Olaf by Alexander III, making him a universally recognised saint of the [[Catholic Church]].
* Rainald of Dassel brings relics of the [[Biblical Magi|Three Magi]] from [[Milan]] to [[Cologne]] as a gift for Holy Roman Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Frederick V, Duke of Swabia|Frederick V]], son of Frederick Barbarossa
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Emperor Rokujō|Rokujō]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[1176]])
* [[Fulk of Pavia]], Italian [[prelate]] and bishop (d. [[1229]])
* [[Hatakeyama Shigetada]], Japanese samurai (d. [[1205]])
* [[Ibn Tumlus]], Moorish scholar and physician (d. [[1223]])
* [[Isabel de Bolebec]], English [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (d. [[1245]])
* [[Shi Miyuan]], Chinese official and politician (d. [[1233]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[William FitzEmpress|William of Anjou]], viscount of [[Dieppe]] (b. [[1136]])
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Tadamichi]], Japanese [[regent]] (b. [[1097]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Victor IV]], antipope of [[Rome]] (b. [[1095]])<ref name="mir">[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1138.htm#Monticelli The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church-Momticelli]; S. Miranda</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Héloïse]], French scholar and [[abbess]]
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Bashnouna]], Egyptian monk and [[martyr]]
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Elisabeth of Schönau]], German abbess
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Henry II of Leez|Henry II]], prince-bishop of [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège|Liège]]
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Emperor Sutoku|Sutoku]], emperor of Japan (b. [[1119]])
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Hugh of Amiens]], French archbishop
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Hartmann of Brixen]], German bishop (b. [[1090]])
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Ottokar III of Styria|Ottokar III]], margrave of [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]] (b. [[1124]])
* [[Herbert of Selkirk]], Scottish bishop and chancellor
* [[Hodierna of Jerusalem]], countess of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]] (b. [[1110]])
* [[Ortlieb of Zwiefalten]], German [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abbot
* [[Zhang Jun (Song chancellor)|Zhang Jun]], Chinese [[Grand chancellor (China)|grand chancellor]] (b. [[1097]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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