Editing 1158

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{About year|1158}}
{{Year nav|1158}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Alfonso VIII de Castilla 01.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|150px|Statue of [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso VIII]] who at age 2 in 1158 succeeded to the throne of Castile]]
Year '''1158''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Autumn &ndash; Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] sets out from [[Constantinople]] at the head of an expeditionary army. He marches to [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Cilicia]]; and while the main army follows the coast road eastwards Manuel hurries ahead with a force of only 500 cavalry. He manages to surprise [[Thoros II]] "the Great", lord of the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]], who participated in the attack on [[Cyprus]] in [[1156]]. Thoros flees into the mountains and Cilicia is occupied by the Byzantines.<ref>Runciman, Steven (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 286. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Vladislaus II, Duke and King of Bohemia|Vladislav II]] becomes king of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. He is crowned by [[Frederick Barbarossa]], Holy Roman Emperor, with a [[diadem]] (called by the chroniclers a ''diadema'' or ''circulus''). Vladislaus is also invested with [[Upper Lusatia]], and accompanies Frederick to [[Milan]] to suppress the rebellion in [[Lombardy]] (northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]).
* The [[Diet of Roncaglia]] is convoked by Frederick I. He mobilises an army of 100,000 men and leaves in June for a second Italian expedition – accompanied by [[Henry the Lion]] and his Saxon forces. He crosses the [[Alps]] and lays [[siege]] to Milan. German forces capture the city from the rebels after a short siege.<ref>Comyn, Robert (1851). ''History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V'', p. 236–38.</ref> However Milan soon rebels again, with [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy|Empress Beatrice]] taken captive and forced into [[parading on donkey|parading on a donkey]].
* Summer &ndash; King [[Henry II of England]] travels to [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] to meet King [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] and propose a marriage between his three-year-old son [[Henry the Young King|Henry]] and Louis' daughter [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Margaret]] (less than a year old). She is shipped to [[Kingdom of England|England]], as the future wife and queen. The [[Vexin]] region is promised to Margaret as [[dowry]] and is put under the care of the [[Knights Templar]], until her future husband is old enough to take control of it.<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|page=27}}</ref>
* [[August 31]] &ndash; King [[Sancho III of Castile|Sancho III]] ("the Desired") dies after a 1-year reign. He is succeeded as ruler of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] by his 2-year-old son [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso VIII]] ("the Noble"). The noble houses of [[House of Lara|Lara]] and [[House of Castro|Castro]] claim the regency, as the boy's uncle, [[Ferdinand II of León|Ferdinand II]] (ruler of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]]).
* [[Raymond of Fitero]], Spanish monk and [[abbot]], pledges to defend the fortress of [[Calatrava la Vieja|Calatrava]] (guarding the roads to [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] and [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]) from incoming Muslim raiders. It is the founding moment of the [[Order of Calatrava]], the spearhead of the Iberian armies during the [[Reconquista]].<ref name=estow1982>{{cite journal|last=Estow|first=Clara|title=The Economic Development of the Order of Calatrava, 1158–1366|journal=Speculum|year=1982|volume=57|issue=2|pages=267–291|doi=10.2307/2847457|jstor=2847457|s2cid=164086223}}</ref>
* Portuguese forces, led by King [[Afonso I of Portugal]] ("the Great"), conquer Pamela, [[Alcácer do Sal]] and [[Sesimbra]] from the diminished [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref>
* 12-year-old [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]] is sent from England to the [[Château de Tancarville]] in [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] to be brought up in the household of [[Tancarville#History|William de Tancarville]], a cousin of William's mother. He begins his training as a knight; this also includes academic studies, practical lessons in chivalry and courtly life, and warfare and combat (using wooden swords and spears).
* Welsh forces under [[Ifor Bach]] ("Ivor the Short") attack [[Cardiff Castle]] and kidnap [[William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester|William Fitz Robert]], Norman lord of [[Glamorgan]], along with his family.

==== Asia ====
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Shirakawa]] of [[Japan]] abdicates the throne after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old son [[Emperor Nijō|Nijō]] as the 77th emperor. Go-Shirakawa retains power, and gives [[Kiyomori Taira]] a higher position to lead a [[samurai]]-dominated government.

=== By topic ===

==== Economy ====
* To restore confidence in the English [[currency]], Henry II mints a new [[History of the English penny (1154–1485)|penny]] (known to specialists as the Tealby penny) with his own image.

==== Education ====
* The [[University of Bologna]] is granted its first [[Privilege (law)|privilege]]s by Frederick I.

==== Religion ====
* The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Derry]] is founded in [[Gaelic Ireland|Ireland]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Al-Nasir|Al-Nasir li-Din Allah]], Abbasid caliph (d. [[1225]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany|Geoffrey II]], duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (d. [[1186]])
* [[Albert I, Margrave of Meissen|Albert I]] ("the Proud"), margrave of [[Margravate of Meissen|Meissen]] (d. [[1195]])
* [[Baldwin of Bethune]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1212]])
* [[Ermengol VIII, Count of Urgell|Ermengol VIII]] (or Armengol), count of [[County of Urgell|Urgell]] (d. [[1208]])
* [[Fujiwara no Ietaka]], Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet (d. [[1237]])
* [[Giordano Forzatè]], Italian religious leader (d. [[1248]])
* [[Henry I, Count of Bar]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1190]])
* [[Henry I, Duke of Mödling]] ("the Elder"), German nobleman (d. [[1223]])
* [[Jinul]] (or Chinul), Korean [[Zen master]] (d. [[1210]])
* [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary]], daughter of [[Louis VII of France]] (d. [[1197]])
* [[Philip of Dreux]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais|Beauvais]] (d. [[1217]])
* [[Satō Tsugunobu]], Japanese warrior (d. [[1185]])
* [[Taira no Shigehira]], Japanese general (d. 1185)
* [[Theobald I, Count of Bar]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1214]])
* [[Valdemar of Denmark (bishop)|Valdemar Knudsen]], Danish bishop (d. [[1236]])
* [[Yvette of Huy]], Belgian [[Anchorite|anchoress]] (d. [[1228]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Martyrius, Archbishop of Esztergom|Martirius]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest|Esztergom]]
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Wibald]], German monk and [[abbot]] (b. [[1098]]) 
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Geoffrey, Count of Nantes|Geoffrey VI]], count of [[County of Nantes|Nantes]] (b. [[1134]])
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Rögnvald Kali Kolsson]], Earl of [[Orkney]] 
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Sancho III of Castile|Sancho III]], king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] (b. 1134)
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Otto of Freising]], German bishop (b. [[1114]])
* [[December 15]] &ndash; [[Frederick II (Archbishop of Cologne)|Frederick II]], German archbishop
* [[Abu Jafar ibn Atiyya]], Almohad [[vizier]] and writer
* [[Anselm of Havelberg]], German bishop (b. [[1100]])
* [[Barthélemy de Jur]], French bishop (b. [[1080]])
* [[Oda of Brabant]], Belgian [[Priory|prioress]] and saint 
* [[Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson]], Norwegian pirate

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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