Editing 1157

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1157}}
{{Year nav|1157}}
{{C12 year in topic}}Year '''1157''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
* [[January 12]]–[[March 16]] – Caliph [[Al-Muqtafi (Abbasid Caliph)|Al-Muqtafi]] successfully defends [[Baghdad]] against the coalition forces of Sultan Muhammad of Hamadan, and Atabeg Qutb-adin of [[Mosul]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ&q=1157+Al-Muqtafi+Baghdad&pg=PA56|title=Concise History of Islam|last1=Syed|first1=Muzaffar Husain|last2=Akhtar|first2=Syed Saud|last3=Usmani|first3=B. D.|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|year=2011|isbn=9789382573470|location=New Delhi|pages=56|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Albert I of Brandenburg]] begins his ruthless program to pacify the [[Slavic peoples|Slavic region]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bM4DwAAQBAJ&q=1157+Albert+I+Brandenburg+slavic&pg=PA168|title=The Making of Medieval History|last1=Loud|first1=Graham A.|last2=Staub|first2=Martial|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=2017|isbn=9781903153703|location=Suffolk and Rochester, NY|pages=168|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 11]] – [[Albert I of Brandenburg]], also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the [[Margraviate]] of [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]] and the first [[Margrave]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkwrDwAAQBAJ&q=1157+Albert+I+Brandenburg+slavic&pg=PA301|title=The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians|last=Partenheimer|first=Luiz|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2017|isbn=9781317022008|editor-last=Loud|editor-first=Graham A.|location=London and New York|pages=298–301|language=en|chapter=A Success Story: Brandenburg in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries|editor-last2=Schenk|editor-first2=Jochen}}</ref>
* July – Henry II launches a campaign against [[Owain Gwynedd]] in north [[Wales]].<ref name="The Accession of Henry II">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NxL0AMbrWqwC|title=The Accession of Henry II in England: Royal Government Restored, 1149–1159|first=Emilie|last=Amt|page=28|publisher=Boydell Press|year=1993|isbn=0851153488|access-date=2007-12-17}}</ref> Although Owain defeats him at the [[Battle of Ewloe]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2qoAwAAQBAJ&q=1157+Battle+of+Ewole&pg=PT92|title=The Kings & Queens of Wales|last=Venning|first=Timothy|publisher=Amberley Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9781445615776|location=Stroud}}</ref> he eventually submits to Henry and pays homage.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
*[[August 12]] – The [[1157 Hama earthquake]] takes place after a year of foreshocks. Its name is taken from the city of [[Hama]], in west-central [[Syria (region)|Syria]] (then under [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk]] rule), where the most casualties are sustained.<ref name=Ambraseys>{{cite journal|title=The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|first=Nicholas N.|last=Ambraseys|author-link=Nicolas Ambraseys|year=2004|journal=Annals of Geophysics|publisher=[[National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology|Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia]]|volume=47|number=2–3|pages=733, 738, 745, 750}}</ref>
* [[August 21]] – [[Sancho III of Castile|Sancho III]] and [[Ferdinand II of León|Ferdinand II]], the sons of King [[Alfonso VII of Castile]], divide his kingdom between them upon his death.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twhY6pVNuXsC&q=1157+Alfonso+VII+Castille+divide&pg=PA128|title=The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under King Alfonso VII, 1126-1157|last=Reilly|first=Bernard F.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=1998|isbn=9780812234527|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=136|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 23]] – [[Battle of Grathe Heath]]: A civil war in [[Denmark]] ends with the death of King [[Sweyn III]]. [[Valdemar I of Denmark]] becomes king of all Denmark, and restores and rebuilds the country.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIzreCGlHxIC&q=1157+Sweyn+III&pg=PT166|title=Dictionary of Wars|last=Kohn|first=George C.|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2007|isbn=9781438129167|location=New York|pages=154|language=en|orig-year=1986}}</ref>
* [[Henry II of England]] grants special trading privileges to the [[Hanseatic League|Hansa merchants]] of [[Cologne]] in London who lend him money at interest.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref>
* Henry II of England grants a charter to the merchants of [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] (approximate date).<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=326joXdwiCYC&q=1157+Lincoln+merchants+charter&pg=PA88|title=The Cambridge Urban History of Britain|last=Holt|first=Richard|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=9780521444613|editor-last=Palliser|editor-first=D. M.|volume=600 - 1540|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=88|language=en|chapter=Society and Population 600 - 1300|editor-last2=Clark|editor-first2=Peter|editor-last3=Daunton|editor-first3=Martin J.}}</ref>
* [[Nur ad-Din Zengi]] besieges the [[Knights Hospitaller]] in the crusader fortress of [[Banias|Banyas]], routs a relief army led by King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem]], and takes Grand Master [[Bertrand de Blanquefort]] prisoner.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpByDwAAQBAJ&q=1157+Nur+ad-Din+Banyas&pg=PA124|title=Artillery in the Era of the Crusades: Siege Warfare and the Development of Trebuchet Technology|last=Fulton|first=Michael S.|publisher=BRILL|year=2018|isbn=9789004376922|series=History of Warfare|volume=122|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=124|language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:Tomoe Gozen 巴御前 (BM 2008,3037.10802).jpg | thumb|220x124px | right | Tomoe Gozen]]
* [[September 8]] – King [[Richard I of England]] (d. [[1199]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omg2QXKfblQC&q=September+1157+king+richard+I&pg=PR42|title=Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I|last=Howlett|first=Richard|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|isbn=9781108052276|volume=2|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=xlii|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Neckham]], English scholar, teacher, theologian and abbot of [[Cirencester Abbey]] (d. [[1217]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBHSc2hTfeUC&q=1157+Alexander+Neckham&pg=PA663|title=Dictionary of World Biography|last=Magill|first=Frank N.|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=9781136593130|volume=2: The Middle Ages|location=London and New York|pages=663|language=en|orig-year=1998}}</ref>
* [[Leopold V of Austria (Babenberg)|Leopold V of Austria]], [[List of rulers of Austria|Duke of Austria]] from 1177 and [[Duchy of Styria|Duke of Styria]] from 1192 until his death (d. [[1194]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbXCQAAQBAJ&q=1157+Leopold+V+Austria&pg=PA35|title=The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts|last=Loud|first=G. A.|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|year=2010|isbn=9781472413963|location=Farnham and Burlington, VT|pages=35|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary]], Queen of [[Kingdom of England|England]] by marriage to [[Henry the Young King]] and queen of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in the union with Hungary|Croatia]] by marriage to [[Béla III of Hungary]] (d. [[1197]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVmzDQAAQBAJ&q=1157+Margaret+of+France&pg=PA295|title=Direct Ancestors of Domer J. Huffman, Jr: & D.J.'s Odds & Ends|last=Huffman Jr.|first=Domer J.|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|year=2016|isbn=9781480926899|location=Pittsburgh, PA|pages=295|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Tomoe Gozen]], [[Onna-bugeisha|female Samurai]] warrior and military leader (d. [[1247]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 24]] or [[January 25]] – [[Agnes of Babenberg]], Politically active High Duchess consort of Poland (b. [[1111]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLqEWwa7fT8C&q=1157+Agnes+of+Babenberg&pg=PA129|title=Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: The Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants|last=Weis|first=Frederick Lewis|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com|year=2002|isbn=9780806313672|edition=Seventh|location=Baltimore, MD|pages=129|language=en|orig-year=1950}}</ref>
* [[May 8]] – [[Ahmed Sanjar]], Great Seljuk Sultan (b. [[1084]] or [[1086]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJf_PA6jLfcC&q=1157+Ahmed+Sanjar&pg=PA134|title=The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople|last=Bauer|first=Susan Wise|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=2013|isbn=9780393240672|location=New York|pages=134|language=en|chapter=Chapter Nineteen: Foreign Relations}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] – [[Yuri Dolgorukiy|Yury Dolgoruky]], Russian prince (b. c. [[1099]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&q=1157+Yury+Dolgoruky&pg=PA250|title=Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond|last=Krattli|first=Edward C.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn=9781598849486|editor-last=Dowling|editor-first=Timothy C.|volume=I: A - M|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=250|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 21]] – King [[Alfonso VII of León|Alfonso VII of Castile]] (b. [[1105]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Euh3DwAAQBAJ&q=1157+Alfonso+VII+Castille&pg=PA109|title=Rulers and Realms in Medieval Iberia, 711–1492|last=Flood|first=Timothy M.|publisher=McFarland|year=2019|isbn=9781476633725|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=109|language=en|chapter=Chapter 8. The Division of Leon-Castille and the Decline of the Almohads: 1157 - 1214}}</ref>
* [[October 23]] – King [[Sweyn III of Denmark]] (b.c. [[1125]]) (in battle)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeI0AQAAMAAJ&q=1157+Sweyn+III+Denmark&pg=PA418|title=Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical|last1=Woodward|first1=Bernard Bolingbroke|last2=Cates|first2=William Leist Readwin|publisher=Lee and Shepard|year=1872|location=London|pages=418|language=en}}</ref>
* ''date unknown'' – King [[Eystein II of Norway]] (b.c. [[1125]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEsM1ibpcJQC&q=1157+Eystein+II+Norway&pg=PA218|title=Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen|last1=Wise|first1=Leonard F.|last2=Hansen|first2=Mark Hillary|last3=Egan|first3=E. W.|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|year=2005|isbn=9781402725920|location=New York|pages=218|language=en|orig-year=1967}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1157| ]]