Editing 1152

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year nav|1152}}
{{About year|1152}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Friedrich I. Barbarossa.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Bust of King [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] (1122–1190)]]
Year '''1152''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem|Baldwin III]] and his mother, Queen [[Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem|Melisende]], are called to intervene in a dispute between Baldwin's aunt [[Hodierna of Jerusalem|Hodierna]] and her husband [[Raymond II, Count of Tripoli|Raymond II]], count of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]]. Hodierna decides to take a long holiday, and travels to [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], while Raymond escorts her out on the road southwards. On the way back to Tripoli, a group of [[order of Assassins|Assassins]] stabs him to death at the southern gate of the city. The garrison rushes to arms and pours into the streets, slaying every Muslim in their way, but the Assassins manage to escape; the motive of their act is never known.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 271. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> 
* Baldwin III demands more authority and blames [[Manasses of Hierges|Manasses]], ruler of [[Ramla]], for interfering with his legal succession as ruler of Jerusalem. He demands a second coronation from Patriarch [[Patriarch Fulk of Jerusalem|Fulcher]] separated from Melisende. Fulcher refuses, and as a kind of self-coronation Baldwin parades through the city streets with laurel wreaths on his head. Before the High Court (''[[Haute Cour of Jerusalem|Haute Cour]]'') the decision is made to divide the kingdom into two districts.
* Baldwin III begins a civil war against Melisende and launches an invasion in the south. He captures the castle of [[Majdal Yaba#Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk rule|Mirabel]], which is defended by Manasses. Baldwin spares his life and is exiled, [[Nablus]] thereupon surrenders soon after. Melisende seeks refuge in the [[Tower of David]] with her younger son, the 16-year-old [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric]]. Baldwin enters Jerusalem, he allows his mother to retain Nablus and the neighbourhood as her dower.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusaders. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 272–273. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]], Seljuk ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Aleppo]], re-captures most of Crusader territory in the [[Orontes River|Orontes Valley]] – reducing the [[Principality of Antioch]] to little more than a narrow coastal strip along the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]. The [[County of Tripoli]] remains unchanged and Jerusalem remains a potential threat with ambitions to expand eastward, while also striving to dominate the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] in [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]].<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey - Command 12: Saladin, p. 6. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[February 15]] &ndash; King [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]] dies after a 14-year reign at [[Bamberg]]. He is succeeded by his 29-year-old nephew [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa'''), duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], who is crowned as [[King of the Romans|King of the Germans]] at [[Aachen]] several days later, on [[March 9]]. Frederick becomes sole ruler of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] and receives the royal insignia, despite the fact that Conrad has a 6-year-old son, [[Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia|Frederick IV]], who becomes duke of Swabia.
* [[March 21]] &ndash; King [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] repudiates his marriage to [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] and has it annulled on grounds of misconduct and consanguinity – returning her lands and titles. Within 6 weeks, Eleanor re-marries [[Henry II of England|Henry of Anjou]], who had claimed the counties of [[County of Anjou|Anjou]] and [[Maine (province)|Maine]], and the province of [[Touraine]] upon the death of his father [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey Plantagenet]] ('''the Fair'''), the previous year. With the addition of Eleanor's lands, he now controls territory stretching unbroken, from [[Cherbourg-Octeville|Cherbourg]] to [[Bayonne]].<ref>''King John'' by Warren.  Published by the University of California Press in 1961.  p. 21</ref>
* The town of [[Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Gorodets]], located on the banks of the [[Volga|Volga River]], is founded by [[Yuri Dolgorukiy]], Grand Prince of [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]].

==== England ====
* [[April 6]] &ndash; King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]] has his nobles swear fealty to his son [[Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne|Eustace]], as the rightful heir of the English throne. [[Theobald of Bec|Theobald]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]], and other bishops refuse to crown Eustace favouring Henry of Anjou to claim the throne instead. Stephen confiscates their property and Theobald is forced into exile in [[County of Flanders|Flanders]].
* Stephen besieges [[Newbury Castle]] and holds the young [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William]] as a hostage to ensure that his father, [[John Marshal (Marshal of England)|John Marshal]], keeps his promise to surrender the castle. When John refuses to comply, Stephen threatened to have the young boy [[catapult]]ed over the walls. After this, William remains a crown hostage for many months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwwcastlewales.com/jf_gilbt.html|title=John fitz Gilbert; the Marshal|first=Catherine|last=Amstrong|publisher=Castles of Wales|accessdate=9 December 2020}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==== Africa ====
* The [[Almohad Caliphate]] conquers the [[Maghreb|Maghrib al-Awsat]] (modern [[Algeria]]). The city of [[Béjaïa]] becomes one of the main naval bases of the Almohads.<ref name=Picard1997>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>

==== Mesoamerica ====
* [[Matlacohuatl]] becomes ruler of the city-state [[Azcapotzalco (altepetl)|Azcapotzalco]] located in the [[Valley of Mexico]] (until [[1222]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Synod of Kells|Synod of Kells-Mellifont]]: The present diocesan system of [[Ireland]] is established (with later modifications), and the primacy of [[Armagh]] is recognized.
* The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros|Archbishopric of Nidaros]] in the city of [[Nidaros]] (modern-day [[Trondheim]]) in [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] is established.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Gangjong of Goryeo|Gangjong]], Korean ruler of [[Goryeo]] (d. [[1213]])
* [[David, Earl of Huntingdon|David of Scotland]], Scottish prince (d. [[1219]])
* [[Diego López II de Haro|Diego López II]], Spanish nobleman (d. [[1214]])
* [[Geoffrey (archbishop of York)|Geoffrey]], illegitimate son of [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] (d. [[1212]])
* [[Han Tuozhou]], Chinese statesman (d. [[1207]])
* [[Imai Kanehira]], Japanese general (d. [[1184]])
* [[James of Avesnes]], French nobleman (d. [[1191]])
* [[Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I)|Maria Komnene]], Byzantine princess (d. [[1182]])
* [[Patrick I, Earl of Dunbar|Patrick I]], Scottish nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Roger IV, Duke of Apulia|Roger IV]], duke of [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia and Calabria]] (d. [[1161]])
* [[Roman the Great|Roman Mstislavich]], Kievan prince (d. [[1205]])
* [[Taira no Tomomori]], Japanese nobleman (d. [[1185]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Conrad I, Duke of Zähringen|Conrad I]], German nobleman (b. [[1090]])
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Albero de Montreuil]], German archbishop 
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]], king of [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] and [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] 
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Matilda of Boulogne]], queen of [[Kingdom of England|England]]
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[Henry of Scotland]], heir apparent to the throne of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Albrecht I of Meissen|Albrecht I]], German bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen|Meissen]]
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud]], Seljuk sultan 
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Adolf III of Berg|Adolf III]], count [[Duchy of Berg|Berg]] and [[Hövel (Sundern)|Hövel]] (b. [[1080]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Ralph I, Count of Vermandois|Ralph I]] (or '''Raoul'''), French nobleman
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Jocelin of Soissons]], French theologian 
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[William of St. Barbara|William of St. Barbe]], Norman bishop
* [[Adelard of Bath]], English philosopher (b. 1080)
* [[Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford|Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare]], 1st [[Marquess of Hertford|Earl of Hertford]]
* [[Nicholas IV of Constantinople|Nicholas IV]], patriarch of [[Constantinople]] (b. [[1070]])
* [[Raymond II, Count of Tripoli|Raymond II]] (or '''Raimundus'''), count of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]] 
* [[Robert of Selby]], English governor and chancellor
* [[Theobald II, Count of Champagne|Theobald II]] ('''the Great'''), French nobleman (b. 1090)
* [[Theophanes Kerameus]], Italian bishop (b. [[1129]])
* [[Thethmar]] (or '''Theodemar'''), German [[missionary]]
* [[Volodymyrko Volodarovych]], Galician prince (b. [[1104]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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