Editing 1149

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1149|the IEEE standard|JTAG}}
{{Year nav|1149}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:BattleOfInab.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Battle of Inab]] (or ''Ard al-Hatim'')]]

Year '''1149''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXLIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] ('''Komnenos''') recovers [[Corfu]] with the help of the Venetians, who defeat the Sicilian fleet. During the three-month siege, Byzantine admiral [[Stephen Kontostephanos]]  is killed by a stone thrown by a catapult. Manuel prepares an offensive against the [[Normans]]; King [[Roger II of Sicily|Roger II]] sends a fleet (some 40 ships) under [[George of Antioch]], to pillage the suburbs of [[Constantinople]].<ref>[[John Julius Norwich|Norwich, John]] (1995). ''Byzantium: The Decline and Fall'', pp. 98 and 103. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. {{ISBN|0-679-41650-1}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]], Seljuk ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Aleppo]], invades the [[Principality of Antioch]] and defeats the Crusaders under [[Raymond of Poitiers]] at [[Bagras|Baghras]]. He moves southward to besiege the fortress of [[Inab]], one of the few strongholds of the Crusaders east of the [[Orontes River]]. Raymond with a small army (supported by the [[Order of Assassins|Assassin]] allies under [[Order of Assassins#The next generation|Ali ibn Wafa]]) hurries to its rescue. Nur al-Din, misinformed of the strength of the Crusader forces, retreats. In fact the [[Zengid dynasty|Zangid]] forces (some 6,000 men) outnumber the Crusaders by over four to one. Against Ali's advice Raymond decides to reinforce the garrison of Inab.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 266. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[April]] &ndash; King [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] and Queen [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] sail homeward in separate Sicilian ships. While the fleet rounds the [[Peloponnese (region)|Peloponnese]] (southern [[Greece]]) it is attacked by ships of the [[Byzantine navy]]. Louis gives orders to raise the [[Kingdom of France|French flag]] and is allowed to sail on. But the ships containing many of his followers and his possessions are captured and taken as a war-prize to Constantinople.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 232. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Battle of Inab]]: The Zangid army under Nur al-Din defeats the combined army of Raymond of Poitiers and the Assassins of Ali ibn Wafa at Inab. After the battle, Nur al-Din invades Antiochene territory and captures the fortresses of [[Artah]] and [[Harem, Syria|Harim]]. He then turns west to appear before the walls of [[Antioch]] itself and raids as far as [[Port Saint Symeon|St. Symeon]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 266. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* July &ndash; King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem|Baldwin III]] receives an urgent request for help from Antioch to break the incomplete Zangid blockade of the city. Meanwhile, the Crusaders fail to retake Harim.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). ''The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus'', p. 83. {{ISBN|978-1-84603-354-4}}.</ref> Nur al-Din strengthens his siege of Antioch, but it is too large to surround. A truce is agreed under which Harim and farther east territory remains under [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk]] dominance.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; The [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] is consecrated, after reconstruction.

==== Europe ====
* The Italian 'naval republics' of [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]], [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]] and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] finance their expanding [[trade]] within and outside [[Europe]] – trade which includes an arms industry for manufactures and merchants alike (approximate date). 
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer IV]], count of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]], [[Siege of Lleida (1149)|conquers Lleida]] from the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]], after a siege of seven months (as well as [[Fraga]] and [[Mequinenza]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGrank|first=Lawrence|title=Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and te principality of Tarragona 1129-55|journal=Journal of Medieval History|year=1981|volume=7|issue=1|pages=67–82|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1}}</ref> 
* [[Åhus]], in present-day [[Sweden]], gains [[city right]]s (approximate date).

==== Britain ====
* Spring &ndash;  King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]] besieges [[Worcester, England|Worcester]], but is unable to capture the castle due to its strong defences. He expels [[William de Beauchamp (of Elmley)|William de Beauchamp]], lord of the city. Stephen builds two forts near the castle to assist in the attack.
* March &ndash; The 16-year-old [[Henry II of England|Henry of Anjou]], eldest son of Queen [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]], lands in [[Kingdom of England|England]] in a second attempt to take the English throne from Stephen. He travels up via [[Salisbury]] and [[Gloucester]] north to [[Carlisle]] ([[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]). 
* [[May 22]] &ndash; Henry of Anjou is knighted at Carlisle by King [[David I of Scotland|David I]]. Henry acknowledges the Scottish king's right to [[Northumberland]].

=== By topic ===

==== Commerce ====
* Genoa grants the benefits of a part of the city's fiscal revenues to a consortium of creditors called ''compera'', the first example of the consolidation of public debt in medieval Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=25|issue=3|pages=506–562|doi=10.1080/07075332.2003.9641005|s2cid=152336222}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Eugene III]] takes refuge in the castle of [[Ptolemy II of Tusculum|Tusculum]] where he meets Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He attempts to reunite the couple by insisting to restore the love between them.<ref>Norwich, John (2012). ''The Popes: A History''. London: Vintage. {{ISBN|978-0-099-56587-1}}.</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Albert of Vercelli]], patriarch of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (d. [[1214]])
* [[Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah]], Fatimid caliph (d. [[1160]])
* [[Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn]], Korean ruler of [[Goryeo]] (d. [[1219]])
* [[Fujiwara no Kanezane]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1207]])
* [[Majd ad-Dīn Ibn Athir|Majd al-Din ibn Athir]], Zangid historian (d. [[1210]])
* [[Margaritus of Brindisi]], Sicilian admiral (d. [[1197]])
* [[Minamoto no Michichika]], Japanese nobleman (d. [[1202]])
* [[Muhammad of Ghor]], ruler of the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid Empire]] (d. [[1206]])
* [[Odon of Poznań]], duke of [[Duchy of Greater Poland|Greater Poland]] (d. [[1194]])
* [[Princess Shikishi|Shikishi]], Japanese princess, poet and nun (d. [[1201]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Berengaria of Barcelona]], queen of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] (b. [[1116]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Reginald I, Count of Bar|Reginald I]] ('''the One-Eyed'''), count of [[Duchy of Bar|Bar]]
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Petronille de Chemillé]], French abbess 
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Bernard du Bec]], French [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abbot
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Raymond of Poitiers]], prince of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] 
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[Mu'in ad-Din Unur|Mu'in al-Din Unur]], Seljuk ruler of [[Damascus]]
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Arnaud de Lévezou]], French archbishop
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Al-Hafiz]], caliph of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]
* [[Joseph ibn Tzaddik]], Spanish Jewish [[rabbi]] and poet
* [[Machig Labdrön]], Tibetan [[Tibetan Buddhism|Buddhist]] teacher (b. [[1055]])
* [[Pedro Helías]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela|Santiago de Compostela]]
* [[Qadi Ayyad]], Almoravid [[imam]] and chief judge (b. [[1083]])
* [[Stephen Kontostephanos]], Byzantine aristocrat (b. [[1107]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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