Editing 1145

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[[File:Pope Eugene III.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Eugene III]] (1080–1153)]]
Year '''1145''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXLV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; Seljuk forces led by [[Imad al-Din Zengi]] capture [[Suruç|Saruj]], the second great Crusader fortress east of the [[Euphrates]]. They advance to [[Birecik|Birejik]] and besiege the city, but the garrison puts up a stiff resistance. Meanwhile, Queen-Regent [[Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem|Melisende of Jerusalem]] joins forces with [[Joscelin II, Count of Edessa|Joscelin II]], count of [[County of Edessa|Edessa]] and approaches the city. Zengi raises the siege after hearing rumours of trouble in [[Mosul]]. He rushes back with his army to take control. There, Zengi is praised throughout Islam as "defender of the faith" and ''al-Malik al-Mansur'', the "victorious king".<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 192. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[Raymond of Poitiers]], prince of [[principality of Antioch|Antioch]], travels to [[Constantinople]] to ask Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] for help to support his campaign against the Seljuks. When he arrives, Raymond is forced to accept the suzerainty of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Manuel treats him graciously, gives him gifts and promises him a money subsidy.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 193. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Arnold of Brescia]], an Italian priest from [[Lombardy]], turns [[Rome]] into a republic with a government patterned on that of the [[Roman Republic]]. Arnold becomes the intellectual leader of the [[Commune of Rome]], calling for liberties and democratic rights after the deposition of [[Giordano Pierleoni]].

==== Africa ====
* Spring &ndash; Almohad forces under [[Abd al-Mu'min]] defeat a Muslim [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] army at [[Tlemcen]].<ref name=Maghrebclassique /> Almoravid ruler [[Tashfin ibn Ali]] dies while escaping his enemies near [[Oran]]. He is succeeded by his son [[Ibrahim ibn Tashfin]].
* The [[Merinids]] of [[Morocco|Maghrib al-Aqsa]] attempt to resist the Almohads but are forced into the desert areas around the [[Tafilalt]].<ref name=Maghrebclassique>{{cite book|last=Meynier|first=Gilbert|title=L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)|year=2010|publisher=La Découverte|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-7071-5231-2|page=171}}</ref> Oran falls to the Almohads.<ref>Picard C. (1997) ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Âge''. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, p. 64</ref> A [[Siculo-Norman|Norman]] raid against the [[Tripolitania]] region succeeds.

==== Asia ====
* Estimation: [[Merv]] (in the [[Seljuk Empire]]) becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Constantinople.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |title=Geography at about.com |access-date=March 1, 2006 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Art and Culture ====
* [[Kim Pusik]] and his team of historians finish the compilation of the Korean historical text ''[[Samguk Sagi]]''.
* Construction begins on [[Notre-Dame de Chartres]] Cathedral in [[Chartres]], [[Kingdom of France|France]].

==== Religion ====
* [[February 15]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Lucius II|Lucius II]] dies at Rome after having been hit by a stone missile during the fighting against Senatorial forces led by Giordano Pierleoni. He is succeeded after an 11-month [[pontificate]] by [[Pope Eugene III|Eugene III]] who becomes the 167th pope of the [[Catholic Church]]. Eugene is forced into exile by Arnold of Brescia.
* [[Woburn Abbey]] is founded by the [[Cistercians]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]]. A colony of monks arrive from [[Fountains Abbey]] to establish a community that will survive until [[1234]].
* [[December 1]] &ndash; Eugene III issues the bull ''[[Quantum praedecessores]]'', calling for the [[Second Crusade]]. At Christmas, King [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] announces his intention of making a [[pilgrimage]] which becomes part of the Crusade.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Al-Adil I]], Ayyubid general and sultan (d. [[1218]])
* [[Adalbert III of Bohemia|Adalbert III]], archbishop of [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]] (d. [[1200]])
* [[Adam of Perseigne]], French [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] abbot (d. [[1221]])
* [[Aoife MacMurrough]] (or '''Eva'''), Irish princess (d. [[1188]])
* [[Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad]], Arab historian (d. [[1234]])
* [[Christina Hvide]], queen of [[History of Sweden (800–1521)#Middel Ages|Sweden]] (approximate date)
* [[Elizabeth of Hungary, Duchess of Bohemia|Elizabeth of Hungary]], German duchess (d. [[1189]])
* [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1241]])
* [[Ibn Jubayr]], Andalusian geographer and traveller (d. [[1217]])
* [[Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany|Margaret of Huntingdon]], Scottish princess (d. [[1201]])
* [[Maria of Antioch]], Byzantine empress and [[regent]] (d. [[1182]])
* [[Marie of France, Countess of Champagne|Marie of Champagne]], French [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (d. [[1198]])
* [[Manuel Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)|Manuel Komnenos]], son of [[Andronikos I Komnenos|Andronikos I]] (d. [[1185]])
* [[Najmuddin Kubra]], founder of the [[Kubrawiya|Kubrawi]] order (d. [[1221]])
* [[Reginald Fitzurse|Reginald FitzUrse]], English knight and assassin (d. [[1173]])
* [[Ruben III, Prince of Armenia|Ruben III]], ruler of the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] (d. [[1187]])
* [[Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi]], Persian scholar (d. 1234)
* [[Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem|Theodora Komnene]], queen of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Pope Lucius II|Lucius II]], pope of the Catholic Church
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Tashfin ibn Ali]], Almoravid emir
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Pope Gabriel II of Alexandria|Gabriel II]], patriarch of [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]]
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Baldwin (archbishop of Pisa)|Baldwin]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pisa|Pisa]]
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Bellinus of Padua]], Italian bishop 
* [[Fujiwara no Tamako]], Japanese empress (b. [[1101]])
* [[Magnus Haraldsson (son of Harald Gille)|Magnus Haraldsson]], king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (approximate date)
* [[Sophia of Bavaria (1105–1145)|Sophia of Bavaria]], German noblewoman (b. [[1105]])
* [[William of Malines]], Flemish priest (approximate date)
* [[Zhang Zeduan]], Chinese [[Landscape painting|landscape painter]] (b. [[1085]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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