Editing 1136

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{{About year|1136}}
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{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Vsevolod of Pskov.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Vsevolod of Pskov]] (c. 1103–1138)]]
Year '''1136''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXXXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Raymond of Poitiers]], son of the late Duke [[William IX, Duke of Aquitaine|William IX]] of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], arrives at [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]]. Patriarch [[Ralph of Domfront]] (against the wishes of Princess [[Alice of Antioch|Alice]]) arranges a marriage in secret with her 8-year-old daughter [[Constance of Antioch|Constance]]. She is kidnapped and taken to the [[Church of Cassian|cathedral in Antioch]], where Ralph hastily marries her to Raymond. Alice leaves the city, now under the control of Raymond and Ralph, and retires to [[Latakia]], [[Syria]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 160. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Ar-Rashid (1109-1138)|Al-Rashid]] is deposed after a 1-year reign and flees to [[Isfahan]] (modern [[Iran]]). He is succeeded by his uncle [[Al-Muqtafi]] who becomes the new caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] in [[Baghdad]] (until [[1160]]).

==== Europe ====
* [[May 28]] &ndash; In Russia, the people of [[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]] depose and imprison Prince [[Vsevolod of Pskov]]. Novgorod asserts its independence from [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]], but accepts protection from neighboring [[Kievan Rus'|Kievan]] princes. In July, Vsevolod along with his wife and family are released (they are [[exile]]d to an uncle in Kiev).
* Summer &ndash; Emperor [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]] invades southern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] in response to the appeal of Emperor [[John II Komnenos]] (see [[1135]]) and conquers [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia]] from King [[Roger II of Sicily]]. Duke [[Grimoald, Prince of Bari|Grimoald]] of [[Bari]], supported by Lothair III, rebels against Roger.{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2010}}
* [[December 14]] &ndash; King [[Harald Gille|Harald IV]] of Norway is murdered by [[Sigurd Slembe]], an illegitimate son of the late King [[Magnus Barefoot]]. He is succeeded by his sons [[Inge I of Norway|Inge I]] ("the Hunchback) and his 3-year-old half-brother [[Sigurd II of Norway|Sigurd II]].

==== Britain ====
* Spring &ndash; King [[David I of Scotland]] invades northern [[Kingdom of England|England]] and captures many of the major towns including [[Carlisle]] and [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]. In response, King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]] raises an army (with [[Flanders|Flemish]] mercenaries), and marches to [[Durham, England|Durham]]. David agrees to negotiate a peace between the two countries.
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Durham (1136)|Treaty of Durham]]: A [[peace treaty]] is signed by Stephen and David I. The Scots are allowed to keep Carlisle and a part of [[Cumberland]] in return for stopping their advance. David refuses an [[oath of allegiance]], as his loyalties rest with [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]] (daughter of the late King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]]).
* October &ndash; [[Battle of Crug Mawr]] (Great Barrow): King [[Owain Gwynedd]] (styled "[[Prince of Wales]]") defeats the Norman and Flemish forces under [[Robert fitz Martin|Robert Fitz Martin]], securing the control of [[Ceredigion]] ([[West Wales]]).

==== Africa ====
* The city of [[Béjaïa]] (modern [[Algeria]]) repels a [[Republic of Genoa|Genoan]] naval assault.{{sfn|Meynier|2010}}

==== Asia ====
* Sultan [[Mudzaffar Shah I of Kedah|Mudzaffar Shah I]] establishes the [[Kedah Sultanate]] at Qodah Darul Aman (modern-day [[Kedah Darul Aman]], [[Malaysia]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Arts and Culture ====
* The [[Basilica of Saint-Denis]] is completed to designs by Abbot [[Suger]] in [[Paris]], [[Kingdom of France|France]].
* [[Peter Abelard]] writes the ''[[Historia Calamitatum]]'', detailing his relationship with [[Heloise (student of Abelard)|Heloise]].

==== Religion ====
* [[Hildegard of Bingen]] becomes [[abbess]] of the [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monastery of [[Disibodenberg]], upon the death of [[Jutta von Sponheim]].
* Worship at the original [[Glasgow Cathedral]] in Scotland begins.
* [[Melrose Abbey]] (located in the [[Scottish Borders]]) is founded by [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] monks at the request of David.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[William FitzEmpress|William of Anjou]], viscount of [[Dieppe]] (d. [[1164]])
* [[Amalric I of Jerusalem|Amalric I]] (or '''Amalricus'''), king of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (d. [[1174]])
* [[Humbert III, Count of Savoy|Humbert III]] ('''the Blessed'''), count of [[Savoy]] (d. [[1189]])
* [[Ismail al-Jazari]], Artuqid [[polymath]] and inventor (d. [[1206]])
* [[Marie I, Countess of Boulogne|Marie I]] (or '''Mary'''), countess consort of [[County of Boulogne|Boulogne]] (d. [[1182]])
* [[William of Newburgh]], English historian and writer (d. [[1198]])
* [[Empress Xia (Song dynasty)|Xia]] ('''Shenfu'''), Chinese empress consort (d. [[1167]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare]], Norman [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Hugues de Payens]], French nobleman and knight 
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]], margrave of [[Margraviate of Austria|Austria]] (b. [[1073]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[William de Corbeil]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]]
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Harald Gille|Harald IV]] ('''Servant of Christ'''), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] 
* [[Abraham bar Hiyya]], Spanish mathematician and astronomer 
* [[Jutta von Sponheim]], German noblewoman and [[abbes]] (b. [[1091]])
* [[Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd]], Welsh princess of [[Deheubarth]]
* [[Mael Isa Mac Mael Coluim]], Irish monk and [[Chronology|chronologist]]
* [[Wanyan Zonghan]], Chinese nobleman and general (b. [[1080]])
* [[William VI, Count of Auvergne|William VI]], count of [[Auvergne]] and [[Velay]] (b. [[1096]])
* [[Zayn al-Din Gorgani]], Persian physician (b. [[1041]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book
| last1     = Kleinhenz
| first1    = Christopher
| title     = Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia
| date      = 2010
| publisher = Routledge
| isbn      = 978-0-415-93930-0
| url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=1piMMqjAf1MC&q=gran+tavola+bonsignori
| page      = 95
}}

* {{cite book
| first1    = Gilbert
| last1     = Meynier
| date      = 2010
| title     = L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)
| language  = French
| publisher = Paris: La Découverte
| page      = 86
| isbn      = 978-2707152312
}}

{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1136}}
[[Category:1136| ]]