Editing 1118

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1118}}
{{Year nav|1118}}
{{C12 year in topic}}Year '''1118''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[August 15]] &ndash; Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] dies after a 37-year reign, in which he has regained control over western [[Anatolia]] (modern [[Turkey]]). He stabilizes his frontiers against the wars with the [[Italo-Normans|Normans]] in the western [[Balkans]], and the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] in the East. Alexios is succeeded by his 30-year-old son, [[John II Komnenos]] ('''the Good'''), as ruler of the [[Byzantine Empire]].

==== Europe ====
* Peace between [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] is agreed upon.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=59–60|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>

==== British Isles ====
* Enna mac Donnchada mac Murchada becomes [[Kingdom of Dublin|King of Dublin]] in [[Ireland]].
* Cu Faifne mac Congalaig becomes [[List of kings of Uí Failghe|King of Uí Failghe]] in Ireland.
* Maelsechlainn Ua Faelain becomes [[List of monarchs of Déisi Muman|King of the Déisi Muman]] in Ireland.
* The [[cantref]]s of Rhos and Rhufoniog are annexed by [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]], [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|King of Gwynedd]] in [[Wales]].
* The [[Archbishop of York]] is no longer required to be crowned by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].
* Reconstruction begins on [[Peterborough Cathedral]] in England, destroyed by fire in [[1116]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peterborough-cathedral.org.uk/|title=Peterborough Cathedral website|access-date=2007-12-19}}</ref>

==== Eastern Europe ====
* Đorđe Vojislavljević [[List of Serbian monarchs|ruler of Serbia]], is overthrown by Uroš I of Raška.
* [[George I of Duklja]] is overthrown by his cousin [[Prince Grubeša|Grubeša]].
* Radostl becomes [[List of Roman Catholic bishops of Kraków|Bishop of Krakow]].
* [[Zbraslav]], now part of [[Prague]], is founded.
* [[Sylvester of Kiev]] becomes bishop of [[Pereiaslav]].

==== France ====
* A rebellion against [[Henry I of England]] breaks out in [[Normandy]].
* Alberich of Rheims becomes Master at the [[school of Rheims]].
* [[Charles I, Count of Flanders]] marries Margaret of Clermont.
* [[Peter Abelard]] and [[Héloïse d'Argenteuil]] have a child and marry secretly in Paris. Her uncle Fulbert has Abelard [[Castration|castrated]], and both Abelard and Héloïse enter religious orders.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Letters of Abelard and Heloise|location=London|publisher=Penguin|edition=Revised|year=2003|isbn=978-0-140-44899-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/lettersofabelard00abel_0/page/ x]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/lettersofabelard00abel_0/page/}}</ref>
* Amaury IV of Montfort divorces his wife Richilde, daughter of [[Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut]].
* [[Wulgrin II of Angoulême|Wulgrin III]] becomes [[Counts and dukes of Angoulême|Count of Angoulême]].
* Gervais becomes [[Counts and dukes of Rethel|Count of Rethel]].
* [[Montlhéry]] Castle is dismantled by [[Louis VI of France]].

==== Germany ====
* [[Magdeburg]] is almost destroyed by fire.
* [[Reichenbach Abbey (Bavaria)|Reichenbach Abbey]] is founded.
* [[Zwickau]], [[Eisenstadt]], [[Kirchgandern]], and [[Wolfenbüttel]] are first mentioned.
* [[Otto of Bamberg]] is suspended by the Pope, and [[Norbert of Xanten]] defends himself against charges of [[heresy]], at the Synod of [[Fritzlar]].

==== Italy ====
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Pope Gelasius II]] succeeds [[Pope Paschal II]] as the 161st [[pope]].
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Antipope Gregory VIII|Gregory VIII]] is elected [[antipope]].
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Pisa Cathedral]] in the [[March of Tuscany]] is consecrated by Pope Gelasius II.
* The restoration of [[Santa Maria in Cosmedin]] begins.
* The economic competition between [[Milan]] and [[Como]] drives the two cities to war.

==== Scandinavia ====
* Upon the death of his brother [[Philip of Sweden|Philip]], [[Inge the Younger]] becomes sole king of Sweden.
* [[Þorlákur Runólfsson]] becomes [[List of Skálholt bishops|Bishop of Skálholt]].

==== Spain ====
* The [[Almoravids]] lose their control of the [[Ebro]] valley:
** Pope [[Gelasius II]] grants the status of [[Crusade]] to the Christian effort in the Ebro Valley, attracting numerous [[Duchy of Vasconia|Gascon]], [[Occitania|Occitan]] and [[Normans|Norman]] knights.<ref name="possessing the land">{{cite book|last=Stalls|first=Clay|title=Possessing the land: Aragon's expansion into Islam's Ebro frontier under Alfonso the Battler, 1104-1134|year=1995|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-10367-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3YicOpi9esC|page=viii}}</ref> 
** [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Alfonso the Battler]] expels the [[Moors]] from [[Zaragoza]]. The Aragonese reconquer many of the valleys of the [[Jalón (river)|Jalón]] and the [[Jiloca (river)|Jiloca]].<ref>Gilbert Meynier (2010) ''L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)''. Paris: La Découverte; pp.86.</ref>
** The troops of [[Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona]], led by [[Archbishop of Tarragona|archbishop]] [[Oleguer Bonestruga]], capture [[Tarragona]] from the [[Moors]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGrank|first=Lawrence|title=Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and te principality of Tarragona 1129-55|journal=Journal of Medieval History|year=1981|volume=7|issue=1|pages=67–82|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1}}</ref>

==== East Asia ====
* The [[Japanese era name|Genei era]] begins in [[Japan]].
* The Zenghe era of [[Emperor Huizong of Song China]] ends, and the Chonghe era begins.
* The Yongning era of [[Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia]] ends.

==== Caucasus ====
* [[David IV of Georgia]] captures [[Kingdom of Lori|Lori]] from the [[Seljuk Turks]].
* [[David IV of Georgia]] settles a number of [[Kipchaks in Georgia]].

==== Western Asia ====
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Roger of Salerno]], [[Principality of Antioch|Prince of Antioch]], captures [[Azaz]] from the [[Seljuk Turks]].
* The [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] general Philocales captures [[Sardis]], from the Seljuk [[Sultanate of Rûm]].
* [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem]] invades [[Egypt]].
* [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem|Baldwin of Le Bourg]] succeeds his cousin [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]], as [[Kings of Jerusalem|King of Jerusalem]].
* [[Roman of Le Puy]] becomes lord of [[Oultrejordain]].
* [[Joscelin I, Count of Edessa|Joscelin I]] succeeds Baldwin of Le Bourg, as [[County of Edessa|Count of Edessa]].
* [[Garmond of Picquigny]] becomes [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]].
* Suleyman I ibn al-Ghazi becomes [[Rulers of Aleppo|emir of Aleppo]].
* [[Ahmed Sanjar]] and [[Mahmud II of Great Seljuk|Mahmud II]] proclaim themselves rival [[seljuk Turks|Seljuk]] [[sultan]]s, upon the death of [[Mehmed I of Great Seljuk]].
* [[Al-Mustarshid]] becomes [[Abbasid]] [[caliph]].
* Bahram Shah becomes [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Emperor]].

==== South Asia ====
* [[June 29]] &ndash; Vikram Chola becomes regent of the [[Cholas|Chola]] kingdom.
* Battle of Kennagal: The [[Hoysala Empire]] defeats the [[Chalukya]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Manuel I Komnenos]], Byzantine emperor (d. [[1180]])
* [[Ahmad al-Rifa'i]], Arab founder of the [[Rifa'i]] [[Sufism|Sufi]] Order
* [[Andronikos I Komnenos]], Byzantine emperor (d. [[1185]])
* [[Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway|Christina of Denmark]], queen of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (approximate date)
* [[Gualdim Pais]], Portuguese knight and [[Grandmaster (order)|Grand Master]] (d. [[1195]])
* [[Hartwig, Count of Stade|Hartwig of Stade]], archbishop of [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]] (d. [[1168]])
* [[Narathu]], Burmese ruler of the [[Pagan Kingdom]] (d. [[1171]])
* [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur ad-Din]], Seljuk ruler of [[Damascus]] and [[Aleppo]] (d. [[1174]])
* [[Odo II, Duke of Burgundy|Odo II]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] ([[House of Burgundy]]) (d. [[1162]])
* [[Roger III, Duke of Apulia|Roger III]], Norman duke of [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia and Calabria]] (d. [[1148]])
* [[Roger of Worcester]], English bishop (approximate date)
* [[Saigyō|Saigyō Hōshi]], Japanese poet and writer (d. [[1190]])
* [[Taira no Kiyomori]], Japanese military leader (d. [[1181]])
* [[Vakhtang, son of David IV of Georgia|Vakhtang]] (or '''Tsuata'''), Georgian nobleman (d. [[1138]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Pope Paschal II.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Pope Paschal II]] d. January 21, 1118]]
[[File:Baldwin 1 of Jerusalem.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Baldwin I of Jerusalem]] d. April 2, 1118]]
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Pope Paschal II|Paschal II]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] ('''of Boulogne'''), king of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]
* [[April 16]] 
** [[Adelaide del Vasto]], countess of [[County of Sicily|Sicily]]
** [[William, Count of Évreux|William d'Évreux]], Norman nobleman
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Matilda of Scotland]], queen of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (b. c.[[1080]])<ref>{{cite web |title=5 forgotten queens and princesses of Scotland |url=https://www.scotsman.com/regions/5-forgotten-queens-and-princesses-scotland-548776 |website=www.scotsman.com |access-date=4 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert de Beaumont]], 1st [[Earl of Leicester]]
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Raymond of Toulouse (saint)|Raymond of Toulouse]], French [[Cantor (Christianity)|chanter]]
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Al-Mustazhir]], Abbasid caliph (b. [[1078]])
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Alexios I Komnenos]], Byzantine emperor
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Philippa, Countess of Toulouse|Philippa]], French noblewoman
* [[Al-Tighnari]], Arab [[Botany|botanist]] and physician (b. [[1073]])
* [[Anseau of Garlande]], French nobleman (b. [[1069]])
* [[Arnulf of Chocques]], patriarch of Jerusalem
* [[Arslan-Shah of Ghazna|Arslan-Shah]], sultan of the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]]
* [[Basil the Physician]], Bogomil religious leader 
* [[Bernard, Count of Cerdanya|Bernard II]] (or '''William'''), count of [[County of Cerdanya|Cerdanya]] 
* [[Diarmait Ua Briain]], king of [[Munster]]
* [[Florence of Worcester]], English monk 
* [[Fujiwara no Nakazane]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1057]])
* [[Furong Daokai]], Chinese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (b. [[1043]])
* [[George of Chqondidi]], Georgian archbishop
* [[Gissur Ísleifsson]], Icelandic bishop
* [[Helperich von Plötzkau, Margrave of the Nordmark|Helperich]], margrave of the [[Northern March|Nordmark]]
* [[Hugh I, Count of Rethel|Hugh I]], French nobleman (b. [[1040]])
* [[Jaquinta of Bari]], queen of [[Duklja]]
* [[Lidanus]], Lombard [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abbot (b. [[1026]])
* [[Maria of Alania]], Byzantine empress (b. [[1053]])
* [[Milo II of Montlhéry]], French nobleman
* [[Muhammad I Tapar|Muhammad I]] ('''Tapar'''), Seljuk sultan (b. [[1082]])
* [[Philip of Sweden|Philip]], king of [[Sweden]] ([[House of Stenkil]])
* [[Ruaidrí na Saide Buide]], king of [[Connacht]]
* [[Vladimir II of Duklja|Vladimir II]], king of Duklja (approximate date)
* [[William V, Count of Angoulême|William V of Angoulême]], French nobleman

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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