Editing 1108

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{{About year|1108}}
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{{C12 year in topic}}

Year '''1108''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; King [[Sigurd the Crusader|Sigurd I]] sails from [[Kingdom of England|England]], on the [[Norwegian Crusade]] to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. He repels a Muslim fleet near the [[Tagus River]], then attacks [[Sintra]], [[Lisbon]] and [[Alcácer do Sal]], and finally defeats a second Muslim fleet further south.<ref>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|year=1997|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age|location=Paris|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|isbn=2130488102}}</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Battle of Uclés (1108)|Battle of Uclés]]: [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] forces defeat the armies of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]]. The advance of the [[Reconquista]] is halted, and the Berbers re-capture the towns of [[Uclés]], [[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]], [[Huete, Spain|Huete]] and [[Ocaña, Spain|Ocaña]]. The Christians, many of [[nobility]], are beheaded.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGrank|first=Lawrence|title=Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona 1129-55|journal=Journal of Medieval History|year=1981|volume=7|issue=1|pages=67–82|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1}}</ref>
* [[July 29]] &ndash; King [[Philip I of France|Philip I]] dies at [[Melun]], after a 48-year reign. He is succeeded by his son [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]], who, at the start of his rule, faces insurrections from feudal brigands and rebellious [[Robber baron (feudalism)|robber barons]].
* September &ndash; [[Siege of Dyrrhachium (1107–1108)|Siege of Dyrrhachium]]: Italo-Norman forces under [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]] lift the siege due to illness and lack of supplies. Bohemond becomes a vassal of the [[Byzantine Empire]] by signing the [[Treaty of Devol]].
* Autumn &ndash; The [[Principality of Nitra]] ceases to exist, after King [[Coloman, King of Hungary|Coloman]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], deposes its last ruler, [[Prince Álmos|Álmos]], duke of [[Duchy of Croatia|Croatia]].
* The consuls of [[Bergamo]] are first mentioned, indicating that the city has become an independent [[Comune|commune]] in [[Lombardy]] (Northern [[Italy]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Kleinhenz|first=Christopher|title=Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=0-415-93930-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1piMMqjAf1MC&q=1101+sicile}}</ref>

==== Levant ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Jawali Saqawa]], Turkish ruler of [[Mosul]], accepts a ransom of 30,000 dinar by Count [[Joscelin I, Count of Edessa|Joscelin I]] and releases his cousin [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem|Baldwin II]], count of [[County of Edessa|Edessa]], who is held as prisoner (see [[1104]]).<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 90. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] marches out against [[Sidon]], with the support of a squadron of sailor-adventurers from various Italian cities. A [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] fleet from [[Egypt]] defeats the Italians in a sea-battle outside the harbour.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 74. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* The [[Taira clan|Taira]] and [[Minamoto clan|Minamoto]] clans join forces to rule Japan, after defeating the warrior monks of the [[Enryaku-ji]] temple near [[Kyoto]]. The Taira replace many [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara]] nobles in important offices – while the Minamoto gain more military experience by bringing parts of Northern [[Honshu]] under Japanese control (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Chichester Cathedral]] is consecrated under [[Ralph de Luffa]], bishop of [[Diocese of Chichester|Chichester]], in [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* Construction begins on the tower of [[Winchester Cathedral]], building continues until [[1120]].
* [[Pistoia Cathedral]] in Italy is damaged by a severe fire.
* [[June 13]] &ndash; Restored [[Ferentino Cathedral]] in Italy is consecrated.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Andronikos Komnenos (son of John II)|Andronikos Komnenos]], Byzantine prince (d. [[1142]])
* [[Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut|Baldwin IV]], count of [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]] (d. [[1171]])
* [[Bohemond II of Antioch|Bohemond II]], Italo-Norman prince of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] (d. [[1130]])
* [[Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn|Derbforgaill]], Irish princess (d. [[1193]])
* [[Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud]], Seljuk sultan (d. [[1152]])
* [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry X]], duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (d. [[1139]])
* [[Leopold, Duke of Bavaria|Leopold IV]], duke of Bavaria (d. [[1141]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Gertrude of Poland|Gertrude]], Grand Princess of [[Kyiv]]
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Abe no Munetō]], Japanese [[samurai]] (b. [[1032]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Gerard (archbishop of York)|Gerard]], Norman archbishop of [[Diocese of York|York]]
* [[May 29]]
** [[García Ordóñez]], Castilian [[Nobility|nobleman]]
** [[Sancho Alfónsez]], Castilian nobleman
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Guy of Hauteville]], Italo-Norman diplomat
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Philip I of France|Philip I]], king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Enrico Contarini]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Castello|Castello]]
* [[García Álvarez (alférez)|García Álvarez]], Castilian official and military leader
* [[Saint Gonzalo|Gonzalo]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol|Mondoñedo]] (approximate date)
* [[Gregory III, Count of Tusculum|Gregory III]], count of [[Tusculum]] (approximate date)
* [[Gundulf of Rochester|Gundulf]], bishop of [[Diocese of Rochester|Rochester]] (approximate date)
* [[Guy II the Red of Rochefort|Guy II]], French nobleman and crusader
* [[Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria]], Norman noblewoman (b. [[1060]])
* [[Urse d'Abetot]], Norman [[High Sheriff of Worcestershire|sheriff of Worcestershire]]
* [[Veera Ballala I]], Indian ruler of the [[Hoysala Empire]]
* [[Empress Wang (Huizong)|Wang]], Chinese empress of the [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]] (b. [[1084]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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