Editing 1104

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1104}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
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{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Estatua de Alfonso  I de Aragón.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Statue of King [[Alfonso the Battler|Alfonso I]] (r. 1104–1134).]]
Year '''1104''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Summer &ndash; The [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] re-occupy the Cilician cities of [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], [[Adana]] and [[Mopsuestia|Mamistra]]. A naval squadron, under Admiral [[Kantakouzenos|Cantacuzenus]], pursues in Cypriot waters a [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] raiding fleet, and sails on to [[Latakia]], where they capture the harbour and the lower city. [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]] reinforces the garrison in the citadel.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; The Crusaders, led by Bohemond I, re-invade the territory of [[Aleppo]], and try to capture the town of [[Kafr Latah|Kafar Latha]]. The attack fails, owing to the resistance of the local [[Banu (Arabic)|Banu]] tribe. Meanwhile, [[Joscelin I, Count of Edessa|Joscelin of Courtenay]] cuts the communications between Aleppo and the [[Euphrates]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 32–33. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Harran]]: The Crusaders under [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem|Baldwin II]] are defeated by the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk Turks]]. Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay are taken prisoner. [[Tancred, Prince of Galilee|Tancred]] (nephew of Bohemond I) becomes [[regent]] of [[County of Edessa|Edessa]]. The defeat at [[Harran]] marks a key turning point of Crusader expansion. 
* [[May 26]] &ndash; King [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] captures [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], the port is besieged from April, and blockaded by the Genoese and [[Republic of Pisa|Pisan]] fleet. Baldwin promises a free passage to those who want to move to [[Ascalon]], but the Italian sailors plunder the wealthy Muslim emigrants and kill many of them.<ref>Malcolm Barber (2012). ''The Crusader States'', pp. 68–69. Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-11312-9}}.</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; Bohemond I departs to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] for reinforcements. He takes with him gold and silver, and precious stuff to raise an army against Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]]. Tancred becomes co-ruler over [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] – and appoints his brother-in-law, [[Richard of Salerno]], as his deputy.<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 38. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[Toghtekin]], Seljuk ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Damascus]], founds a short-lived principality in [[Syria]] (the first example of a series of Seljuk-ruled dynasties).

==== England ====
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Cuthbert|St. Cuthbert]] is reburied in [[Durham Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kennedy|first1=Maev|title=St Cuthbert's coffin features in new display at Durham Cathedral|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/28/st-cuthberts-coffin-durham-cathedral|website=The Guardian|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|date=28 July 2017}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Alfonso the Battler|Alfonso I]] becomes king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] (after the death of his half-brother [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona|Peter I]]).
* King [[David IV of Georgia|David IV]] of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]] defeats 100,000 Seljuk Turks with only 1,500 warriors (approximate date).{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* Sultan [[Kilij Arslan I]] of the [[Sultanate of Rum]] starts a war with the [[Danishmendids]].
* The [[Venetian Arsenal]] is founded in [[Venice]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Squires|first1=Nick|title=Italian navy hires out Venice's feted Arsenale for conventions to make up for government cuts|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/21/italian-navy-hires-venices-once-mighty-arsenal-scourge-ottomans/|website=The Telegraph|access-date=27 April 2018|date=2018}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[April 21]] &ndash; The new basilica at [[Vézelay Abbey]] (located in northern [[Burgundy]] in [[France]]) is dedicated.

==== Volcanology ====
* Autumn &ndash; The volcano [[Hekla]] erupts in [[Icelandic Commonwealth|Iceland]] and devastates farms for 45 miles (some 70 km) around.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hekla - volcano, Iceland|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Hekla|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Euphrosyne of Polotsk]], Kievan princess (d. [[1167]])
* [[Fujiwara no Kiyosuke]], Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet (d. [[1177]])
* [[Saint Gens|Gens du Beaucet]], French [[hermit]] and saint (d. [[1127]])
* [[Ibn Zafar al Siqilli]], Arab-Sicilian politician (d. [[1170]])
* [[Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester|Robert de Beaumont]], 2nd [[Earl of Leicester]] (d. [[1168]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Beaumont, Robert de Earl of Leicester 1104-1168|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85016402/|website=Worldcat|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Volodymyrko Volodarovych|Vladimir Volodarevich]], Galician prince (d. [[1152]])
* [[Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester|Waleran de Beaumont]], 1st [[Earl of Worcester]] (d. [[1166]])

== Deaths ==
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Duqaq (Seljuk ruler of Damascus)|Duqaq]], Seljuk ruler of [[Damascus]]
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Simon II de Montfort|Simon II]], French nobleman
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Johann I of Kraichgau|Johann I]], bishop of [[Speyer]]
* [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir]], Hammadid ruler
* [[Danishmend Gazi]], ruler of the [[Danishmends]]
* [[Ebontius]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón|Barbastro]]
* [[Herewald of Llandaff]], Welsh bishop
* [[Peter I of Aragon|Peter I]], king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]
* [[Seraphin, Archbishop of Esztergom|Seraphin]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest|Esztergom]]
* [[Serlo (abbot of Gloucester)|Serlo]], Norman cleric and [[abbot]]
* [[Sökmen (Artuqid)|Sökmen]], governor of [[Jerusalem]]
* [[Svend Tronkræver]], Danish prince

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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