Editing 1102

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1102}}
{{Year nav|1102}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Gustave Doré - Two Hundred Knights Attack Twenty Thousand Saracens.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Battle of Ramla (1102)|Battle of Ramla]] by [[Gustave Doré]] (1877)]]
Year '''1102''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; A Fatimid expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) invades [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and launches attacks into the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. The Crusaders defeat a Fatimid rearguard near [[Ascalon]], and capture the city after a 3-year siege. The Crusaders capture [[Caesarea Maritima]] with support of the Genoese fleet. A number of [[Genoese colonies|Genoese trading colonies]] are established along the Mediterranean coast.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gaier|first=Claude|title=Armes et combats dans l'univers médiéval|year=2004|publisher=De Boeck Supérieur|location=Paris|isbn=2-8041-4543-3}}</ref>
* [[Siege of Tripoli]]: The Crusaders under [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond IV]] begin the siege of [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] (modern [[Lebanon]]). The garrison calls for assistance, but a Seljuk relief army from [[Damascus]] and [[Homs]] is defeated by Raymond.
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ramla (1102)|Battle of Ramla]]: The Crusaders (500 knights) under King [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] are defeated by the Fatimid army at [[Ramla]] (modern [[Israel]]). Baldwin and his companions escape through the enemy lines to [[Apollonia-Arsuf|Arsuf]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 62–63. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; The Crusaders under Baldwin I break their way out of [[Jaffa]], which is encircled by the Fatimid Army. A charge of the French cavalry breaks the enemy's ranks, and forces them to retreat to [[Ascalon]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 64. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Raymond IV is imprisoned by [[Tancred, Prince of Galilee|Tancred]], nephew of [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]], and [[regent]] of the [[Principality of Antioch]] (he is later released after promising to denounce any claims).<ref>Matthew of Edessa (1967). ''Recueil des historiens des croisades, Documents arméniens'', p.57. Vol I: reprint: Farnborough.</ref>
* [[Dagobert of Pisa]] is briefly deposed as [[Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem|Patriarch of Jerusalem]] (he is restored later in the year).
* The [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] establish a new trade emporium in [[Sidon]] (modern Lebanon).<ref>{{cite book|last=Touba|first=Keltoum|title=Le travail dans les cultures monothéistes: judaïsme, christianisme, islam de l'Antiquité au XVIIIe siècle|year=2006|publisher=L'Harmattan|location=Paris|isbn=2-296-00923-9}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[May 5]] &ndash; The short-lived principality created by [[El Cid|Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar]] ends: [[Valencia]] is captured by [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] forces under Sultan [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]]. It is later recaptured, evacuated and burned by King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Dozy|first=R. P. A.|title=Recherches sur l'histoire et la littérature de l'Espagne pendant le moyen âge|year=1860|publisher=E. J. Brill|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MhM7AAAAcAAJ|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MhM7AAAAcAAJ/page/n44 27]}}</ref>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Władysław I Herman]], duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]], dies at [[Płock]] (possibly poisoned by his enemies) after a 23-year reign. He leaves the succession to be disputed between his sons [[Zbigniew of Poland|Zbigniew]] and [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]]. 
* The [[Pacta conventa (Croatia)|Pacta Conventa]] formed by the [[Croatian nobility]], recognize King [[Coloman, King of Hungary|Coloman]] as their overlord, initiating the personal union between the two kingdoms. Coloman is crowned king of [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]] (until [[1116]]).

==== England ====
* King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] captures [[Arundel Castle]] after having besieged Earl [[Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury|Robert of Bellême]]. Robert loses his English lands (as did his brothers [[Roger the Poitevin]] and [[Arnulf de Montgomery]]) and is banished to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Council of London in 1102|Council of London]]: A church council convened by [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]], bans [[sodomy]] and the sale of Christian slaves to non-Christian countries, and reforms the [[clergy]].
* Henry I orders the tomb of [[Edward the Confessor]] be opened; the body of the former king is supposedly found undecayed. The [[Westminster Abbey|Westminster]] monks start to claim Edward as a saint.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]], Holy Roman Empress (d. [[1167]])
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[William Clito]], count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (d. [[1128]])
* [[Chekawa Yeshe Dorje]], Tibetan [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (d. [[1176]])
* [[Eleanor of Champagne]], French [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (d. [[1147]])<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Therese|title=Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture (2 Vol. Set)|date=2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004185555|page=162|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpYz-JIpjR8C&pg=PA162|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn]], Irish [[Irish poetry|poet]] and writer (d. [[1160]])
* [[Henry II, Margrave of the Nordmark|Henry II]], margrave of the [[Northern March]] (d. 1128)
* [[Klængur Þorsteinsson]], bishop of [[Skálholt]] (d. 1176)
* [[Liang Hongyu]], Chinese general (d. [[1135]])
* [[Nerses IV the Gracious|Nerses IV]], [[Catholicos of All Armenians|Catholicos of Armenia]] (d. [[1173]]) 
* [[Peter II of Tarentaise|Peter of Tarentaise]], French [[abbot]] and bishop (d. [[1174]])
* [[Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick|Roger de Beaumont]], 2nd [[Earl of Warwick]] (d. [[1153]])
* [[Empress Zhu (Song dynasty)|Zhu]], Chinese empress of the [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]] (d. [[1127]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Raoul II of Tosny|Raoul II]], Norman nobleman ([[House of Tosny]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Stephen, Count of Blois|Stephen II]], French nobleman and crusader
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Władysław I Herman]], duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]]
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Albert III, Count of Namur|Albert III]], count of [[County of Namur|Namur]] ([[House of Namur]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Anna Dalassena]], Byzantine noblewoman 
* [[Ermengol V, Count of Urgell|Ermengol V]], count of [[County of Urgell|Urgell]] (b. [[1078]])
* [[Felicia of Sicily]], queen of [[King of Hungary|Hungary]] (approximate date)
* [[Fujiwara no Kanshi]], Japanese empress (b. [[1021]])
* [[Giselbert II of Roussillon|Giselbert II]], count of [[County of Roussillon|Roussillon]]
* [[Guglielmo Embriaco]], Genoese merchant (b. [[1040]])
* [[Hugh VI of Lusignan|Hugh VI]], French nobleman and crusader
* [[Khön Könchok Gyalpo]], Tibetan [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (b. [[1034]])
* [[Mahmud al-Kashgari]], Turkish [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] (b. [[1005]])
* [[Maurice of Porto|Maurice]], cardinal-bishop of [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina|Porto]]
* [[Odo I, Duke of Burgundy|Odo I]], duke of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] (b. [[1060]])
* [[Odon de Châtillon]], cardinal-bishop of [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia|Ostia]]
* [[Stephen I, Count of Burgundy|Stephen I]], count palatine of Burgundy (b. [[1065]])
* [[Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham|Walter Giffard]], 1st [[Earl of Buckingham]]
* [[Empress Xiang|Xiang]], Chinese empress and [[regent]] (b. [[1047]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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