Editing 1100

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{{About year|1100}}
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{{C11 year in topic}}[[File:East-Hem 1100ad.jpg|thumb|The Eastern Hemisphere in
1100]]

Year '''1100''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MC]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] in the [[Julian calendar]]. It last year of the 11th century and the first year of the 12th century. In the [[proleptic Gregorian calendar]], it was a [[Common year starting on Monday|non-leap century year starting on Monday]] (like [[1900]]).

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* [[January]] – The Seljuk ruler [[Mahmud I of Great Seljuq|Mahmud I]] is expelled from [[Baghdad]] by his brother [[Barkiyaruq]], but Mahmud manages to retake the city, during his spring offensive.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maalouf|first=Amid|title=La Croisade vue par les Arabes|year=1983|publisher=Lattès|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-7096-0547-2|page=74}}</ref>
* [[May]] or [[June]] – [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond IV]] (Saint-Gilles) sails to [[Constantinople]] to obtain the support of Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos|Alexios I]] (Komnenos), in his attempt to seize [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hill|first=John Hugh|title=Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles, 1041 (ou 1042)-1105|year=1959|publisher=Privat|author2=Hill, Laurita Lyttleton}}</ref>
* [[August 1]] – A [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] fleet leaves [[Italy]], to support the [[Crusade]]rs' efforts to conquer the coastal cities; the ships reach [[Latakia]] on  [[September 25]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hagenmeyer|first=Hendrich|title=Chronologie de la première croisade, 1094–1100|year=1973|publisher=Olms|isbn=978-3-487-04756-0}}</ref>
* [[August]] – [[Battle of Melitene]]: [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]] is captured by the [[Danishmends]], leaving [[Tancred, Prince of Galilee|Tancred]] as regent of the [[Principality of Antioch]] for two years.
* [[August 20]] – With the [[Venetian expedition to the Levant (1099–1100)|support]] of a [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] fleet, the Crusaders under Tancred capture the coastal city of [[Haifa]].
* [[December 25]] – French Crusader [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] is crowned first [[King of Jerusalem]] at the [[Church of the Nativity]] in [[Bethlehem]], by [[Dagobert of Pisa|Daimbert]], the new [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]], following the death of the previous ruler, Baldwin's brother [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], on [[July 18]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm|title=Baldwin I of Edessa|access-date=2010-08-05|archive-date=9 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509212911/http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* After a success over the Armenians of [[Cilicia]] and the Emirate of [[Aleppo]], [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem|Baldwin of Bourcq]] becomes [[County of Edessa|Count of Edessa]], with the support of Daimbert.
* [[Genoa]], [[Venice]] and [[Pisa]] gain trading privileges from the [[Crusader states]], in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.

==== Europe ====
[[File:Death of William Rufus.jpg|upright=0.7|thumb|right|2 August: death of [[William II of England]] during a hunt, killed by an arrow of [[Walter Tirel]].]]
* [[August 2]] – King [[William II of England|William II]] (or William Rufus) dies in a [[hunting]] accident in the [[New Forest]]. Sir [[Walter Tirel]] is accused of having shot the arrow, but flees the country to avoid a trial. [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] claims the throne.
* [[August 5]] – Henry I is crowned [[List of monarchs of England|King of England]], at [[Westminster Abbey]]. The power of the new monarch is ill-assured, and to mollify the barons he has to grant them the [[Charter of Liberties]], one of the first examples of a written [[constitution]] in [[Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html |title=Communal Courts |access-date=2010-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623154402/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html |archive-date=23 June 2010 }}</ref>
* [[August 30]] – After the failure of the [[Council of Liubech]] in [[1097]], the Congress of Vytechev establishes peace and the feudal system in [[Kievan Rus]]; the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them. [[Sviatopolk II of Kiev]] becomes the first Grand Prince.
* [[September 16]] – [[Battle of Malagon]]: The Almoravid army defeats the Castellan troops.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Buresi|first=Pascal|title=La frontière entre chrétienté et islam dans la péninsule Ibérique|year=2004|publisher=Publibook|isbn=978-2-7483-0644-6}}</ref>
* [[September 23]] – [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] returns from [[exile]], at the invitation of Henry I.
* [[October 18]] – [[Peter I of Aragon]] conquers [[Barbastro]] (modern [[Spain]]) from the hands of the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sénac|first=Philippe|title=La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe-XIIe siècle|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve et Larose|isbn=978-2-7068-1421-1}}</ref><ref name=victor>{{Cite book|last=Catlos|first=Brian A.|title=The victors and the vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-82234-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoDuA8fv9rEC&q=christian+mercenaries+maghrib|page=13}}</ref>
* [[November 11]] – Henry I marries [[Matilda of Scotland]], the daughter of King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] and a direct descendant of the Saxon king [[Edmund Ironside]].
* [[November 18]] – The Council of [[Poitiers]] opens, but is soon forcibly closed by [[William IX, Duke of Aquitaine|William IX]], duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], as the bishops are about to excommunicate King [[Philip I of France|Philip I]] once more.<ref>{{Cite book|last=O'Reilly|first=Patrice-John|title=Histoire complète de Bordeaux, Volume 1, Parties 1 à 2|year=1857|publisher=Delmas}}</ref> 
* [[December 25]] – Philip I elevates his son [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] as co-ruler to the government of the realm.
* Philip I conquers the [[Vexin]] area, and adds the city of [[Bourges]] and the province of [[Berry]] to his estate.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hoefer|first=Jean|title=Nouvelle biographie générale|year=1862|publisher=Firmin Didot frères}}</ref>
* In [[Iceland]], the [[Althing]] decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date).
* Intense urban activity in north and central Europe: [[Kalmar]] ([[Kungälv]]) and [[Varberg]] ([[Sweden]]) are chartered; The cities of [[Aach, Baden-Württemberg|Aach]] (southern [[Germany]]) and Nakléřov in [[Bohemia]] are created. The castle of [[List of castles in Hesse#Main-Taunus-Kreis|Burg Eppstein]] is built in central Germany.
* Henry I grants the ownership of [[Carisbrooke Castle]] on the [[Isle of Wight]] to [[Richard de Redvers]], a Norman nobleman.

==== Africa ====
* A collective  of [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]  trading clans decide to permanently settle  the city of [[Timbuktu]] (modern [[Mali]]) north of [[Djenné]] along the [[Niger River]]. Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. The [[Sankore Madrasah|Sankore]], [[Djinguereber Mosque|Djinguereber]] and [[Sidi Yahya Mosque|Sidi Yahya]] mosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date).

==== China ====
* [[February 23]] – [[Emperor Zhezong]] dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brother [[Emperor Huizong of Song|Huizong]] as ruler of the [[Song dynasty]]. At about this date, the Chinese population reaches around 100 million and in [[Kaifeng]], his capital, the number of registered citizens within the walls is about 1,050,000 with the army stationed here boosting  the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.
* The [[Liao dynasty]] crushes the [[Zubu]], a tribute state of the [[Khitan Empire]], and takes their ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'' prisoner.

==== Americas ====
* [[Oraibi, Arizona|Oraibi]], a [[Hopi]] village in [[Navajo County, Arizona|Navajo County]], becomes the oldest populated settlement in modern-day [[Arizona]] (modern-day [[United States]]).
* The [[Ancestral Puebloans]] culture, located in the modern-day [[Four Corners]] (United States), rises (approximate date).
* The city of [[Cusco]] (modern [[Peru]]) is founded (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[September 8]] – Antipope [[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]] dies at [[Civita Castellana]] after a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popes [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]], [[Pope Victor III|Victor III]] and [[Pope Urban II|Urban II]]. Supporters of Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] in [[Rome]] choose [[Antipope Theodoric|Theodoric]] as his successor.
* November – The council of Poitiers decrees that the followers of [[Robert of Arbrissel]] have to settle down and live under a rule, leading to the foundation of [[Fontevraud Abbey]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Müller |first1=Annalena |title=From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000436297 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zk85EAAAQBAJ |access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Frederick I (Archbishop of Cologne)|Frederick I]] becomes archbishop of [[Cologne]], and begins the construction of the castle of Volmarstein.
* The [[Stift St. Georgen]] Abbey is founded near [[Sankt Georgen am Längsee]] (modern [[Austria]]).
* The Diocese of [[Faroe Islands|Faroe]] is founded (approximate date).

==== Sports and games ====
* [[Draughts|Checkers]] is invented (approximate date).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm |title=The history of checkers |access-date=5 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222144719/http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm |archive-date=22 February 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[May 19]] – [[Judith of Bavaria, Duchess of Swabia|Judith of Bavaria]], duchess of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]] (d. [[1130]])
* [[May 23]] – [[Emperor Qinzong|Qin Zong]], Chinese emperor (d. [[1161]])
* [[Achard of Saint Victor]], Norman bishop (d. [[1171]])
* [[Pope Adrian IV|Adrian IV]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1159]])
* [[Albert the Bear|Albert I]] (the Bear), margrave of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] (d. [[1170]])
* [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]], pope of the Catholic Church (d. [[1181]])
* [[Anselm of Havelberg]], German bishop (approximate date)
* [[Arnold I of Cologne|Arnold I]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]] (approximate date)
* [[Bruno II von Berg|Bruno II of Berg]], archbishop of Cologne (d. [[1137]])
* [[Biddenden Maids|Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst]], English [[conjoined twins]] (d. [[1134]])
* [[Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily|Elvira of Castile]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (approximate date)
* [[Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Gilbert de Clare]], [[Earl of Pembroke|1st Earl of Pembroke]] (d. [[1148]])
* [[Héloïse]] d'Argenteuil, French [[abbess]] and scholar (d. [[1162]])
* [[Herman of Carinthia]], German astronomer (d. [[1160]])
* [[Hillin of Falmagne]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]] (d. [[1169]])
* [[Jabir ibn Aflah]], Arab [[Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world|astronomer]] and [[Mathematics in medieval Islam|mathematician]] (d. [[1150]])
* [[John of Meda]], Italian monk and [[abbot]] (d. 1159)
* [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]], Almoravid [[Geography and cartography in medieval Islam|geographer]] (d. [[1165]])
* [[Owain Gwynedd]], Welsh king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] (approximate date)
* [[Rabbeinu Tam|Jacob ben Meir Tam]], French Jewish [[rabbi]] (d. 1171)
* [[Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester|Robert de Beaumont]], [[Earl of Leicester|2nd Earl Leicester]] (d. [[1168]])
* [[Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby|Robert de Ferrers]], [[Earl of Derby|2nd Earl of Derby]] (d. 1162)
* [[Robert of Melun]], bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]] (d. [[1167]])
* [[Robert of Newminster]], English abbot (d. 1159)
* [[Teobaldo Roggeri]], Italian [[Shoemaking|shoemaker]] (d. 1150)

== Deaths ==
* [[February 23]] – [[Emperor Zhezong|Zhezong]], Chinese emperor (b. [[1077]])
* [[February 25]] – [[Gerland of Agrigento|Gerland]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agrigento|Agrigento]]
* [[March 28]] – [[Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde]], German [[Nobility|noblewoman]]
* [[July 18]] – [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], French nobleman (b. [[1060]])
* [[July 23]] – [[Warner of Grez]], French nobleman
* [[August 2]] – [[William II of England|William II]] (or William Rufus), king of [[Kingdom of England|England]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peberdy |first1=Robert |last2=Waller |first2=Philip |title=A Dictionary of British and Irish History |date=23 November 2020 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-631-20155-7 |page=673 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKwEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA673 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 8]] – [[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]], antipope of [[Rome]]
* [[September 16]] – [[Bernold of Constance]], German chronicler
* [[October 13]] – [[Guy I, Count of Ponthieu]] (or Wido), French nobleman
* [[November 18]] – [[Thomas of Bayeux]], archbishop of [[Diocese of York|York]]
* [[December 22]] – [[Bretislav II]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]]
* [[Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi]], Hanafi-Maturidi scholar (b. [[1030]])
* [[Azzo of Gobatsburg]], Swedish nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century)|Geoffrey de Mandeville]], Norman [[Constable of the Tower]] of London
* [[Geoffrey, Count of Conversano]] ("the elder"), Italo-Norman nobleman
* [[Jaya Pala]], Indian ruler of the [[Kamarupa]] Kingdom (b. [[1075]])
* [[Qin Guan]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] and writer (approximate date)
* [[Qutb al-din Hasan]], ruler (''[[malik]]'') of the [[Ghurid dynasty]]
* [[Robert de Stafford]], Anglo-Norman nobleman (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1100| ]]