Editing 1094

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1094}}
{{Year nav|1094}}
{{C11 year in topic}} 
[[File:Raymond IV of Toulouse.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Portrait of [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse]] from 1094]]
Year '''1094''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXCIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under General [[Tatikios]] to [[İznik|Nicaea]], in an attempt to re-capture the city from the Seljuk Turks. However, the arrival of [[Barkiyaruq]]'s army en route stops the Byzantines. Alexios sends reinforcements; short of supplies, the Seljuk Turks retreat. [[Abu'l-Qasim (Seljuq governor of Nicaea)|Abu'l-Qasim]], Seljuk governor of Nicaea, is defeated and forced to conclude a truce with Alexios.<ref>Timothy Venning (2015). ''A Chronology of the Crusades'', p. 24. {{ISBN|978-1-138-80269-8}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[May]] &ndash; [[El Cid]] (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar) completes his conquest of [[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencia]] in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]) and begins his rule (in the name of King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]]) there. The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] campaign to regain the city fails.<ref name="lameretlesmusulmans">Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</ref>
* [[May]]–[[June]] &ndash; [[Duncan II of Scotland|Duncan]], son of the late King [[Malcolm III of Scotland]], gathers a substantial army, chiefly Anglo-Normans from England, and challenges his uncle [[Donald III of Scotland|Donald III]] ("the Fair") for the [[Kingdom of Scotland]]. Duncan is crowned king at [[Scone, Scotland|Scone]].<ref name=Potter>{{cite book|last=Potter|first=Philip J.|year=2009|title=Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers (1016–1399)|pages=127–128|location=Jefferson, NC|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-4038-2}}</ref>
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[William Bertrand of Provence|William Bertrand]] dies, and his margravial title of [[Provence]] is inherited by [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond IV]] ("Saint-Gilles"), who becomes count of [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]] (until [[1105]]).
* [[November 12]] &ndash; Donald III mobilizes his army and kills Duncan II in battle in the [[Scottish Lowlands]], re-taking the Scottish throne.<ref name=Potter/>

==== Fatimid Egypt ====
* After the death of [[Caliphate|Caliph]] [[al-Mustansir Billah]], his son-in-law and [[vizier]] [[Al-Afdal Shahanshah|Al-Afdal]] declares [[al-Musta'li]], a younger son of al-Mustansir, in a [[coup d'état]] as new Caliph. Al-Mustansir's designated heir, [[Nizar ibn al-Mustansir|Nizar]], flees to [[Alexandria]].

==== Eastern Islamic world ====
[[File:Dinar of Abbasid caliph of Baghdad al-muqtadi.jpg|thumbnail|[[Gold dinar]] of [[al-Muqtadi]] mint at Baghdad]]
* [[February 3]] &ndash; Caliph of [[Baghdad]] [[al-Muqtadi]] dies and is succeeded by his nominated heir Ahmad ([[al-Mustazhir]]).
* [[October]] &ndash; Seljuk sultan [[Mahmud I (Seljuk sultan)|Mahmud I]] dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother [[Barkiyaruq]] (one of the Seljuk princes who claim the throne) as ruler of the [[Seljuk Empire]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[May 15]] &ndash; The [[Catania Cathedral|Cathedral of St. Agatha]] in [[Catania]] ([[Sicily]]) is consecrated by the Breton abbot [[Ansger]].
* [[October 8]] &ndash; Doge [[Vitale Faliero]] consecrates the new [[St Mark's Basilica|Basilica of San Marco]] in [[Venice]]. 
* King [[Ladislaus I of Hungary]] founds a diocese (alongside the bishop's [[Episcopal see|see]]) in [[Zagreb]].
* [[Al-Musta'li]] becomes the nineteenth [[Imamate in Shia doctrine|imam]] of [[Musta'li Ismailism]]</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Eudokia Komnene (daughter of Alexios I)|Eudokia Komnene]], Byzantine princess (d. [[1129]])
* [[Abd al-Mu'min]], Almohad caliph (approximate date)
* [[Ibn Zuhr]] (or Avenzoar), Moorish [[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world|physician]] (d. [[1162]])
* [[St Malachy|Malachy]], Irish archbishop and saint (d. [[1148]])
* [[Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester|Richard d'Avranches]], 2nd [[Earl of Chester]] (d. [[1120]])
* [[Yelü Dashi]], founder of the [[Qara Khitai]] (d. [[1143]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Al-Mustansir Billah]], Fatimid caliph (b. [[1029]])
* [[February 3]] 
** [[Al-Muqtadi]], Abbasid caliph (b. [[1056]])
** [[Princess Teishi|Teishi]], Japanese empress (b. [[1013]])
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Nicholas the Pilgrim]], Italian shepherd (b. [[1075]])
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Sancho Ramírez|Sancho V]], king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Pamplona]]
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[William Bertrand of Provence|William Bertrand]], margrave of [[Provence]]
* [[October 14]]
** [[Bertha of Holland]], French queen  consort
** [[Fujiwara no Nobunaga]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (b. [[1022]])
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Mahmud I (Seljuk sultan)|Mahmud I]], sultan of the [[Seljuk Empire]]
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Duncan II of Scotland|Duncan II]], king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]
* [[Abu Ali Fana-Khusrau]], Buyid nobleman
* [[Al-Bakri]], Moorish historian and geographer
* [[Aq Sunqur al-Hajib]], Seljuk sultan of [[Aleppo]]
* [[Badr al-Jamali]], Fatimid [[vizier]] and statesman
* [[Isaac Albalia]], Andalusian Jewish [[astronomer]] (b. [[1035]])
* [[Jonathan I, Count of Carinola|Jonathan I]], Italo-Norman count of [[Carinola]]
* [[Michael of Avranches]], Italian bishop
* [[Roger de Beaumont]], Norman nobleman
* [[Roger de Montgomery]], Norman nobleman
* [[Terken Khatun (wife of Malik-Shah I)|Terken Khatun]], Seljuk empress and [[regent]]
* [[William Fitzeustace, 1st Earl of Gloucester]], Norman nobleman
* [[Wulfnoth Godwinson]], English nobleman

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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