Editing 1088

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
[[File:Seal of the University of Bologna.svg|thumb|The [[University of Bologna]] is established. ]]
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[[File:Pope Urban II Illustration.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Urban II]] (Urbanus) (r. 1088–1099)]]
Year '''1088''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXXXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] forces (supported with fighters from local [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] provinces), under Sultan [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]],  besiege [[Aledo, Spain|Aledo]], but are forced to retreat, by the arrival of Spanish troops of King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]] ("the Brave") of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].<ref>Gilbert Meynier (2010). ''L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658–1518)''. Paris: La Découverte; p. 83.</ref>
* Catalonian troops, under Count [[Berenguer Ramon II, Count of Barcelona|Berenguer Ramon  II]], reconquer [[Tarragona]] (lost again in [[1108]]). He will rule [[Catalonia]] with his 6-year-old nephew [[Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer III]], until he comes of age.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGrank|first=Lawrence|title=Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and te principality of Tarragona 1129–55|journal=Journal of Medieval History|year=1981|volume=7|issue=1|pages=67–82|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1}}</ref>

==== England ====
* Spring &ndash; A [[Rebellion of 1088|rebellion]] led by [[William the Conqueror]]'s half-brothers [[Odo of Bayeux]] and [[Robert, Count of Mortain|Robert]] (2nd [[Earl of Cornwall]]), begins against King [[William II of England|William II]] with the aim to remove him from the throne. Odo's revolt in [[Kent]] and [[Sussex]] is supported by nobles across the country.
* The [[Worcestershire]] rebellion led by [[de Lacy#Lords of Pontefract, Bowland and Clitheroe|Robert de Lacy]] (a son of [[de Lacy|Ilbert de Lacy]]) is dealt with quickly by [[Wulfstan (died 1095)|Wulfstan]], bishop of [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester|Worcester]], who calls on those knights and local landowners still loyal to William II to defend Worcester. Many of the rebels are captured or killed.
* William II calls the representatives of the [[fyrd]] to a meeting in [[London]]. He promises (with the support of [[Lanfranc]], bishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]]) the people better laws, and the removal of taxes if they support him against the rebels.
* William II lays siege to [[Pevensey Castle]] on the south coast where Odo of Bayeux has taken shelter with Robert. Odo is forced to surrender, and agrees to go to [[Rochester, Kent|Rochester]] to convince the rebels to accept William as the rightful king of [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* Summer &ndash; William II lays siege to [[Rochester Castle]] and puts down the revolt. Odo of Bayeux and the rebels surrender (agreeing only that their lives will be spared). William takes Odo's lands and exiles him to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]].

==== Africa ====
* [[Nasir ibn Alnas]], ruler of the [[Hammadid dynasty|Hammadids]], dies after a 26-year reign. He is succeeded by his son [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir]] (until [[1104]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Arts and Culture ====
* The ''[[Dream Pool Essays]]'' is published by the Chinese [[polymath]] scientist and statesman [[Shen Kuo]]. His book represents the earliest known writing about the [[magnetic]] [[compass]], [[movable type]] [[printing]], experimentation with the [[camera obscura]] only decades after [[Ibn al-Haytham|Hasan ibn al-Haytham]], which includes many different fields of study in [[essay]] and [[encyclopedic]] form, including [[geology]], [[astronomy]], [[archaeology]], [[mathematics]], [[pharmacology]], [[magnetism]], [[geography]], [[optics]], [[hydraulics]], [[economics]], [[military strategy]], [[philosophy]], etc. Some of Shen's most advanced theories include [[geomorphology]] and [[climate variability]], while he improves [[Chinese astronomy]], by fixing the position of the [[pole star]] and correcting the [[moon|lunar]] error, by plotting its [[orbit]]al course every night for a continuum of five years. Shen's book is also the first to describe the [[drydock]] in [[China]] – and discusses the advantages of the recent invention of the canal [[pound lock]], over the old [[flash lock]].
* [[Su Song]], Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, invents the pilot model for his [[astronomical clock|astronomical]] [[clock tower]] constructed in [[Kaifeng]]. It features an [[escapement]] mechanism –  and the world's oldest known power-transmitting [[chain drive]] to operate the [[armillary sphere]], opening doors, and mechanical-driven [[mannequin]]s, that would rotate in shifts to announce the time on [[:wikt:plaque|plaque]]s.

==== Education ====
* The oldest extant university, the [[University of Bologna]], is founded in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] (approximate date).

==== Geology ====
* [[April 16]] &ndash; The 6.5 {{M|s|link=y}} [[1088 Tmogvi earthquake|Tmogvi earthquake]] affects the southern provinces of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]], which causes the destruction of the castle of [[Tmogvi]] and many deaths.

==== Religion ====
* [[March 12]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Urban II|Urban II]] (Urbanus) succeeds [[Pope Victor III|Victor III]] as the 159th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]] in [[Rome]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 31]] &ndash; Ja'far ibn Abdallah al-Muqtadi, son of caliph [[al-Muqtadi]] and [[Mah-i Mulk Khatun|Mah-i Mulk]].
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Ibn al-Arif]], Moorish [[Sufism|Sufi]] scholar and writer (d. [[1141]])
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Hemachandra]], Indian [[Jainism|Jain]] poet and [[polymath]] (d. [[1173]])
* [[Bermudo Pérez de Traba]], Spanish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1168]])
* [[Irene of Hungary]], Byzantine empress consort (d. [[1134]])
* [[John IV of Ohrid|John IV]], Byzantine prince and archbishop (approximate date)
* [[Lucienne de Rochefort]], French crown princess (d. [[1137]])
* [[Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair]], Irish king of [[Connacht]] (d. [[1156]])
* [[William III of Mâcon]] (or William IV of Burgundy), French nobleman (d. 1156)
* [[Zhenxie Qingliao]], Chinese [[Zen]] [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (d. [[1151]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Berengar of Tours]], French theologian
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Burchard II (bishop of Halberstadt)|Burchard II]] (or Bucco), German bishop
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Gebhard of Salzburg]], German archbishop
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey|William de Warenne]], Norman nobleman
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Benno II of Osnabrück|Benno II]], German bishop and architect
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Godfrey of Chichester|Godfrey]], English bishop of [[Diocese of Chichester|Chichester]]
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Hermann of Salm]], German nobleman
* [[Alberic of Monte Cassino]], German [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] cardinal
* [[Berthold of Reichenau]], German chronicler and writer
* [[Dubh Chablaigh ingen Áed]], Irish queen consort of [[Kingdom of Munster|Munster]]
* [[Hugh de Montfort, Lord of Montfort-sur-Risle]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* [[John Doukas (Caesar)|John Doukas]], Byzantine [[usurper]] (approximate date)
* [[Khwaja Abdullah Ansari]], Persian [[Sufi poetry|Sufi poet]] (b. [[1006]])
* [[Mael Isa ua Máilgiric]], Irish [[Ollam Érenn|Chief Ollam]] and writer
* [[Marianus Scotus of Regensburg]], Irish-born [[abbot]] (approximate date)
* [[Nasir Khusraw]], Persian poet and philosopher (b. [[1004]]) (latest date)
* [[Nasir ibn Alnas]], Berber ruler of the [[Hammadid dynasty|Hammadids]]
* [[Ranulf I of Caiazzo]] (or Rainulf), Italo-Norman nobleman
* [[Rhiryd ap Bleddyn]], Welsh king of [[Powys]] (b. [[1049]]) 
* [[Tigernach Ua Braín]], Irish abbot and writer

== References ==
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