Editing 1080

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the year 1080|other uses|1080 (disambiguation)}}
{{Year nav|1080}}
{{C11 year in topic}} 
[[File:Rudolf von Schwaben.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]] loses his arm in combat during the [[Battle on the Elster]].]]
Year '''1080''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXXX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Autumn &ndash; [[Nikephoros Melissenos]], a Byzantine general and aristocrat, seizes control of what remains of Byzantine [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] (modern [[Turkey]]), and proclaims himself emperor against [[Nikephoros III Botaneiates]]. Melissenos makes an alliance with Sultan [[Suleiman ibn Qutulmish]] and recruits many Turkish [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] to his army.<ref>Brian Todd Carey (2012). ''Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071)'', p. 158. {{ISBN|978-1-84884-215-1}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Flarchheim]]: [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], defeats the forces led by the German anti-king [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], near the town of [[Flarchheim]] (modern [[Germany]]). 
* [[April 17]] &ndash; King [[Harald III of Denmark]] dies after a 4-year reign and is buried at [[Holy Cross Priory, Dalby|Dalby Church]] in [[Scania]] (modern [[Sweden]]). He is succeeded by his brother [[Canute IV of Denmark|Canute IV]] ("the Holy") as ruler of [[Denmark]].
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Battle on the Elster]]: Rudolf of Rheinfelden defeats the imperial forces led by Henry IV at the [[White Elster|Elster River]]. Rudolf dies the following day at [[Merseburg]] of wounds received.<ref name="Crusadeshistorian">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Exxeto51p3cC&q=%22Battle+of+Elster%22&pg=PA27|title=Victory in the East (Book extract)|author=John France|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521589871|quote=Godfrey was almost certainly present in support of Henry IV at the battle of Elster in 1080 (sic 1085... an error or typo), when the forces of the anti-king Rudolf triumphed on the field only to see their victory nullified because Rudolf was killed}}.</ref>

==== Britain ====
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Walcher]], bishop of [[Diocese of Durham|Durham]], is killed by rebel Northumbrians. King [[William the Conqueror]] sends a punitive expedition led by his half-brother [[Odo of Bayeux]] to pacify [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]].<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History''. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp. 113–114. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; [[Robert Curthose]], a son of William I, is sent to invade [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]. He reaches as far as [[Falkirk]] and forces King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] to agree to terms while building fortifications at [[Newcastle upon Tyne]].
* [[Osmund (bishop of Salisbury)|Osmund]], bishop of [[Diocese of Salisbury|Salisbury]], builds [[Devizes Castle]] in [[Wiltshire]].

==== Armenia ====
* The [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia#The Rubenid dynasty|Rubenid Principality of Cilicia]] gains independence after its founder, [[Ruben I, Prince of Armenia|Ruben I]], succeeds in establishing his authority in the mountainous regions of [[Cilicia]].

==== Africa ====
* The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] emir, [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], conquers [[Tangier]], [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera|Badis]] and [[Honaine|Hunayn]].<ref>Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</ref>

==== China ====
* [[Shen Kuo]], Chinese [[polymath]] scientist and statesman, begins his defensive military campaign against the [[Tangut people]] of the [[Western Xia]]. He successfully defends the invasion route to [[Yan'an|Yanzhou]] ([[Shaanxi]] province).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Wibert of Ravenna]] is elected as [[Antipope Clement III]] during the pro-imperial [[Synod of Brixen]]. [[Pope Gregory VII]] is deposed, signed in a decree by Henry IV.<ref>[[Herbert Edward John Cowdrey]] (1998). ''Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085'', pp. 201–202 (Oxford University Press).</ref>
* King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]] ("the Brave") of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] establishes [[Latin]] liturgy in the [[Catholic Church]], in place of the [[Mozarabic Rite|Hispanic Rite]].
* [[Benno II of Osnabrück|Benno II]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück|Osnabrück]], founds the [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abby of [[Iburg Castle]] (modern [[Germany]]).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
''(many dates approximate)''
* [[Adelard of Bath]], English philosopher (d. [[1152]])
* [[Alberic of Ostia]], French cardinal-bishop (d. [[1148]])
* [[Barthélemy de Jur]], French bishop
* [[Cellach of Armagh]] (or Celsus), Irish archbishop (d. [[1129]])
* [[Egas Moniz o Aio]], Portuguese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1146]])
* [[Eilika of Saxony]], German noblewoman (d. [[1142]])
* [[Ermesinde of Luxembourg, Countess of Namur|Ermesinde of Luxembourg]], countess of [[County of Namur|Namur]] (d. [[1143]])
* [[Guarinus of Palestrina]], Italian cardinal-bishop (d. [[1158]])
* [[Harald Kesja]] ("the Spear"), king of [[Denmark]] (d. [[1135]])
* [[Helie of Burgundy]], countess of [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]] (d. [[1141]])
* [[Henry I (archbishop of Mainz)|Henry I]], archbishop of [[Elector of Mainz|Mainz]]
* [[Honorius Augustodunensis]], French theologian (d. [[1154]])
* [[Ibn Tumart]], Almoravid political leader
* [[Leo I, Prince of Armenia|Leo I]], prince of [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Cilician Armenia]]
* [[Lhachen Utpala]], Indian king of [[Ladakh]] (d. [[1110]])
* [[Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney|Magnus Erlendsson]], Norse earl of [[Orkney]] (d. [[1115]])
* [[María Rodríguez de Vivar]], countess of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]] (d. [[1105]])
* [[Matilda of Scotland]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (d. [[1118]])<ref>{{cite web |title=5 forgotten queens and princesses of Scotland |url=https://www.scotsman.com/regions/5-forgotten-queens-and-princesses-scotland-548776 |website=www.scotsman.com |date=April 2019 |access-date=4 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Piotr Włostowic]], Polish nobleman
* [[Reginald I, Count of Bar|Reginald I]] ("the One-Eyed"), count of [[Duchy of Bar|Bar]] (d. [[1149]])
* [[Richard Fitz Pons]], Norman nobleman (d. 1129)
* [[Robert Pullen]], English cardinal
* [[Rotrou III, Count of Perche|Rotrou III]] ("the Great"), French nobleman (d. [[1144]]) 
* [[Theresa, Countess of Portugal|Theresa]], Portuguese queen and [[regent]] (d. [[1130]])
* [[Wanyan Zonghan]], Chinese nobleman (d. [[1136]])
* [[Wulfric of Haselbury]], English [[Thaumaturgy|wonderworker]] (d. 1154)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Amadeus II, Count of Savoy|Amadeus II]], count of [[County of Savoy|Savoy]] (b. [[1050]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Harald III of Denmark|Harald III]], king of [[Denmark]] (b. [[1040]])
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Walcher]], bishop of [[Diocese of Durham|Durham]]
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Ísleifur Gissurarson]], Icelandic bishop (b. [[1006]])
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]]<ref name="Crusadeshistorian"/>
* [[Abraham (Bishop of St David's)|Abraham]], bishop of [[St David's]] (Wales) (murdered: approximate date)
* [[Aristakes Lastivertsi]], Armenian historian (b. [[1002]])
* [[Bertha of Blois]], duchess of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (approximate date)
* [[Haakon Ivarsson]], Norwegian jarl (b. 1027)
* [[Lhachen Gyalpo]], Indian king of Ladakh (b. 1050)
* [[Michael Attaleiates]], Byzantine historian and writer
* [[Muhammad ibn Abbas]], ruler of the [[Ghurid dynasty]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1080}}
[[Category:1080| ]]