Editing 1078

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1078}}
{{One source|date=July 2018}}
{{Year nav|1078}}
{{C11 year in topic}} 
[[File:Meister der Predigtsammlung des Heiligen Johannes Chrysostomus 001.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Nikephoros III Botaneiates|Nikephoros III]] (middle) (c. 1002–1081)]]
Year '''1078''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Nikephoros III Botaneiates|Nikephoros Botaneiates]], a Byzantine general (''[[strategos]]'') of the [[Anatolic Theme|Theme of the Anatolics]], revolts against Emperor [[Michael VII Doukas]]. With the support of the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] who provide him with troops, Nikephoros marches upon [[İznik|Nicaea]] (modern [[Turkey]]). He defeats the imperial army and proclaims himself emperor.
* [[March 24]] &ndash; Nikephoros Botaneiates enters [[Constantinople]] in triumph and is crowned by Patriarch [[Cosmas I of Constantinople|Cosmas I]] as emperor Nikephoros III of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Michael VII resigns his throne after a 7-year reign and retires into the [[Monastery of Stoudios]].<ref>John Julius Norwich (1991). ''Byzantium: The Apogee'', p. 361. {{ISBN|0-394-53779-3}}.</ref>
* [[Battle of Kalavrye]]: The imperial forces of General [[Alexios I Komnenos|Alexios Komnenos]] are victorious over the rebellious army (12,000 men) under [[Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder]], governor (''[[Dux|doux]]'') of the [[Dyrrhachium (theme)|Theme of Dyrrhachium]]. Bryennios is captured and later blinded.
* [[Philaretos Brachamios]] abandons his claim to the Byzantine throne, on being appointed governor of [[Antioch]], a foundation of the later [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]].

==== Europe ====
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Mellrichstadt]]: Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] defeats the German anti-king [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], near [[Mellrichstadt]] (modern [[Germany]]).
* [[October 3]] &ndash; Grand Prince [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]] dies, and is succeeded by [[Vsevolod I of Kiev|Vsevolod I]], who unites the principalities – [[Kyiv]], [[Principality of Chernigov|Chernigov]] and [[Principality of Pereyaslavl|Pereyaslavl]] – in [[Kievan Rus']].<ref>Martin, Janet (1993). ''Medieval Russia, 980–1584'', pp. 33–35. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-67636-6}}.</ref>

==== England ====
* Approximate date &ndash; The [[White Tower (Tower of London)|White Tower]] of the [[Tower of London]] is begun, under the direction of [[Gundulf of Rochester|Gundulf]] (or Gundulph), bishop of [[Diocese of Rochester|Rochester]].

==== Africa ====
* The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] emir, [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], besieges [[Ceuta]]. Since the city can receive help from the sea, the [[siege]] will last until [[1083]].

==== China ====
* By this year, the [[Ferrous metallurgy|iron industry]] in the [[Song dynasty]] is producing a total weight of 127,000,000 kg (125,000 t) of [[Cast iron|iron]] product per year.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[July 11]] &ndash; The Romanesque [[Tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]] of [[Santiago de Compostela Cathedral]] in [[Galicia (Spain)]] is constructed.
* [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]] is elected abbot of [[Bec Abbey]], in [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dehsen |first1=Christian D. Von |last2=Harris |first2=Scott L. |title=Philosophers and Religious Leaders |date=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9781573561525 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=25yC2ePhbXEC&pg=PA10|language=en}}</ref>
* A church council in Poitiers deposes Bishop Sylvester of Rennes who had [[Simony|bought his office]] in 1076. This leads also to the flight of [[Robert of Arbrissel]] to Paris where he begins his studies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Müller |first1=Annalena |title=From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000436297 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zk85EAAAQBAJ |page=39|access-date=March 6, 2023}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]], Persian preacher (d. [[1166]])
* April/May &ndash; [[Al-Mustazhir]], Abbasid caliph in [[Baghdad]] (d. [[1118]])
* [[Constance of France, Princess of Antioch|Constance of France]], princess of [[Antioch]] (d. [[1125]])
* [[Ermengol V, Count of Urgell|Ermengol V]], count of [[County of Urgell|Urgell]] ([[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]]) (d. [[1102]])
* [[Fujiwara no Tadazane]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1162]])
* [[Ibn Quzman]], Moorish poet and writer (d. [[1160]])
* [[Princess Reishi|Reishi]], Japanese empress consort (d. [[1144]])
* Approximate date &ndash; [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] ("the Fierce"), king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1124]])

== Deaths ==
* January &ndash; [[Immilla of Turin]], Italian noblewoman
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Herman (bishop)|Herman]], bishop of [[Diocese of Salisbury|Salisbury]] 
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Gleb Svyatoslavich]], Kievan prince 
* [[August 9]] &ndash; [[Peter I, Count of Savoy|Peter I]], Italian nobleman
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Herluin of Bec|Herluin]], founder of [[Bec Abbey]]
* [[October 3]] 
** [[Boris Vyacheslavich]], prince of [[Principality of Chernigov|Chernigov]] 
** [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]], Grand Prince of [[Kyiv]] (b. [[1024]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia|Berthold II]], duke of [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]]
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Udo (archbishop of Trier)|Udo]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]] 
* [[Andreas (archbishop of Bari)|Andreas]] (or Andrew), archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bari|Bari]], convert to Judaism
* [[Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi]], Fatimid scholar (b. [[AD 1000|1000]])
* [[Nikephoritzes]], Byzantine governor
* [[Rhys ab Owain]], Welsh king of [[Deheubarth]] 
* [[Richard I of Capua|Richard I]] (Drengot), prince of [[Principality of Capua|Capua]]
* [[Tunka Manin]], ruler of the [[Ghana Empire]] (b. [[1010]])
* [[Zeng Gongliang]], Chinese scholar and writer (b. [[998]])
* [[Zhang Xian (poet)|Zhang Xian]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] and writer (b. [[990]])
* Approximate date &ndash; [[Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani]], Persian scholar

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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