Editing 1073

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{{About year|1073}}
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[[File:Pope Gregory VII.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Gregory VII]] (c. 1015–1085)]]
Year '''1073''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[Michael VII Doukas]] sends a Byzantine army to deal with Seljuk raiding in [[Cappadocia]], supported with a mixed force of Norman and French mercenary heavy cavalry under [[Roussel de Bailleul]]. Roussel re-conquers some territory in [[Galatia]] and declares it an independent Norman state. Michael, enraged, sends another army led by his uncle, Caesar [[John Doukas (Caesar)|John Doukas]] and the veteran General [[Nikephoros III Botaneiates|Nikephoros Botaneiates]] to deal with the rising of the Norman threat in [[Anatolia|Asia minor]]. But the Byzantines are defeated and John is captured. Roussel marches with a force (3,000 men) across [[Bithynia]] to the [[Bosporus]] and sacks [[Üsküdar|Chrysopolis]], near [[Constantinople]].<ref>Brian Todd Carey (2012). ''Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071)'', p. 155. {{ISBN|978-1-84884-215-1}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[May 25]] &ndash; King [[Sancho IV of Pamplona|Sancho IV]] of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and [[Ahmad al-Muqtadir]], Muslim ruler of the [[Taifa of Zaragoza]], conclude an alliance by treaty.<ref name="Fletcher Reconquista">{{cite journal|last=Fletcher|first=R. A.|title=Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050-1150|journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|year=1987|volume=37|series=5|pages=31–47 [35]|jstor=3679149}}</ref>
* [[October 14]] &ndash; The [[Judicate of Arborea]] (one of the four independent kingdoms in [[Sardinian medieval kingdoms|Sardinia]]) is recognised by Pope [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]].
* [[Ebles II of Roucy]] leads a French army in [[Spain]], to support King [[Sancho Ramírez|Sancho V]] of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] in his struggle against his Muslim neighbors.<ref name="cruzadas aragon">{{cite journal |last=Canellas |first=Angel |title=Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI|journal=Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses |issn=0518-4088 |volume=7 |year=1951 |url=http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=2110493&orden=81753 |access-date=February 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715001600/http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=2110493&orden=81753 |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Sviatoslav II of Kiev|Sviatoslav II]] and [[Vsevolod I of Kiev|Vsevolod I]] unite the Kievan forces and expel their brother [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]]. Sviatoslav II becomes Grand Prince of [[Kyiv]].

==== Britain ====
* [[Edgar Ætheling]], last male member of the [[House of Wessex]], joins forces with Kings [[Malcolm III of Scotland]] and [[Philip I of France]] in an attempt to take the English throne.

==== Asia ====
* [[Wang Anshi]], Chinese [[grand chancellor (China)|chief chancellor]] of the [[Song dynasty]], creates a new bureau of the central government (called the Directorate of Weapons), which supervises the manufacture of military armaments and ensures quality control.
* [[June 15]] &ndash; Emperor [[Emperor Go-Sanjō]] dies after a 5-year reign and is succeeded by his 19-year-old son [[Emperor Shirakawa|Shirakawa]] as the 72nd emperor of Japan.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* Pope [[Pope Alexander II|Alexander II]] dies after a 11½-year [[pontificate]] at [[Rome]]. He is succeeded by Gregory VII as the 157th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite book | first=Christopher | last=Hibbert | page=87 | title=Rome: The Biography of the City | publisher=Penguin | place=New York | year=1987 | isbn=0-14-007078-8}}</ref> 
* Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi finishes writing the ''Rif'', an important work of [[Halakha|Jewish law]].
* [[John IX bar Shushan]] ends his term as [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[David IV of Georgia|David IV]] ("the Builder"), king of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]] (d. [[1125]])
* [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]] ("the Good"), margrave of [[Margraviate of Austria|Austria]] (d. [[1136]])
* [[Magnus Barefoot]], king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (d. [[1103]])
* [[Empress Meng|Meng]], Chinese empress consort of the [[Song dynasty]] (d. [[1131]])
* [[Shaykh Tabarsi]], Persian [[Shia Islam|Shia]] scholar (d. [[1153]])
* [[Thomas, Lord of Coucy|Thomas of Marle]], lord of [[Château de Coucy|Coucy]] (d. [[1130]])
* Approximate date
** [[Agnes of Waiblingen]], daughter of [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. [[1143]])
** [[Alfonso the Battler]], king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] (d. [[1134]])
** [[Al-Tighnari]], Moorish [[Botany|botanist]] and physician (d. [[1118]])
** [[Pope Anastasius IV|Anastatius IV]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1154]])
** [[Philippa, Countess of Toulouse]], French noblewoman (d. [[1118]])
** [[Zbigniew of Poland|Zbigniew]], duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (d. 1113?)
** [[Lady Six Monkey]], queen of the Mixtec city State of Huachino and queen of Jaltepec (d. [[1101]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 21]] (approximate date) &ndash; [[Peter Damian]], cardinal-bishop of [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia|Ostia]] (b. c. 1007)
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Pope Alexander II|Alexander II]], pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1010/15)<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander II {{!}} pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-II-pope |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=November 30, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Sanjō|Go-Sanjō]], emperor of Japan (b. [[1032]])
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Badis ibn Habus]], Berber king of the [[Taifa of Granada]] (b. [[1002]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[John Gualbert]], Italian monk, [[abbot]] and saint (b. c. 985)
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Dominic of Silos]], Spanish abbot (b. [[AD 1000|1000]])
* [[Anthony of Kiev]], Russian [[monk]] and saint (b. [[983]])
* [[Zhou Dunyi]], Chinese [[philosopher]] and cosmologist (b. [[1017]])
* Approximate date &ndash; [[Barisone I of Torres]], Sardinian ruler (''[[Sardinian medieval kingdoms|judge]]'') of [[Judicate of Arborea|Arborea]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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