Editing 1071

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Year '''1071''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Manzikert]]: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor [[Romanos IV Diogenes|Romanos IV]] meets the Seljuk Turk forces of Sultan [[Alp Arslan]] near the town of [[Malazgirt|Manzikert]]. Although the armies are initially evenly matched, as the Byzantines advance, the Seljuk Turks withdraw before them, launching hit-and-run attacks on the Byzantine flanks. While attempting to withdraw, the Byzantine army falls apart, either through treachery or confusion; the battle ends in a decisive defeat for the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Romanos is captured (though released by Alp Arslan within a week) and much of the elite [[Varangian Guard]] is destroyed; this will prove catastrophic for the Byzantine Empire.
* [[October 24]] &ndash; Romanos IV is deposed by [[John Doukas (Caesar)]] and his political advisor [[Michael Psellos]] after his return to [[Constantinople]]. [[Michael VII Doukas]] is crowned co-emperor and his mother [[Eudokia Makrembolitissa|Eudokia]] is forced to retire to a monastery.

==== Europe ====
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cassel (1071)|Battle of Cassel]]: [[Robert I, Count of Flanders|Robert I]] ("the Frisian") defeats his sister-in-law [[Richilde, Countess of Hainaut|Richilde]] (widow of [[Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders|Baldwin VI]]) and her nephew [[Arnulf III, Count of Flanders|Arnulf III]], in a succession struggle for the [[County of Flanders]]. Robert is appointed count by King [[Philip I of France]].
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Siege of Bari]]: The capital of [[Bari]], the last Byzantine-controlled city in the [[Catepanate of Italy]], is captured by [[Italo-Norman]] forces under Duke [[Robert Guiscard]] after a 32-month siege.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|last=Kleinhenz|first=Christopher|title=Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-93930-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1piMMqjAf1MC&q=gran+tavola+bonsignori|page=95}}</ref>

==== England ====
* The English rebels under [[Hereward the Wake]] and [[Morcar]], Saxon former [[earl of Northumbria]], are forced to retreat to their stronghold on the [[Isle of Ely]] in [[The Fens]]. They make a desperate stand against the Norman forces led by King [[William the Conqueror]], but are defeated.
* [[Edwin, Earl of Mercia|Edwin]], earl of [[Mercia]], rebels against William I, but is betrayed and killed. His castle and lands at [[Dudley]] (located in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]) are given to William's Norman subjects.

==== Africa ====
* May &ndash; [[Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah]] marries [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], leader of the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]], and becomes his queen and co-regent.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[William IX, Duke of Aquitaine|William IX]] ("the Troubador"), duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] (d. [[1127]])
* [[Ibn al-Qalanisi]], Arab politician and chronicler (d. [[1160]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Adelaide of Eilenburg]], German [[Nobility|noblewoman]]
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Frozza Orseolo]], German noblewoman (b. [[1015]])
* [[February 22]] (killed at the [[Battle of Cassel (1071)|Battle of Cassel]]): 
** [[Arnulf III, Count of Flanders|Arnulf III]], count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] ([[House of Flanders]])
** [[William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford|William FitzOsbern]], 1st [[Earl of Hereford]]
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Manuel Komnenos (kouropalates)|Manuel Komnenos]], Byzantine aristocrat
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Wulfhild of Norway]], duchess of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]] (b. [[1020]])
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Lambert II Suła]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków|Kraków]] 
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi]], Arab scholar (b. [[1002]])
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Almodis de la Marche]], French nobleman
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Ibn 'Abd al-Barr]], Moorish judge (b. [[978]])
* [[Domenico I Contarini]], doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]
* [[Durand de Bredons]], French [[abbot]] and bishop
* [[Edwin, Earl of Mercia|Edwin]] (or Ēadwine), earl of [[Mercia]]
* [[Eleanor of Normandy]], countess of Flanders (b. [[1010]])
* [[Fujiwara no Yorimichi]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[992]])
* [[Geoffrey of Hauteville]], Norman military leader
* [[Guido da Velate]] (or Guy), archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|Milan]]
* [[Henry II, Count of Louvain|Henry II]], count of [[Leuven]] ([[Reginarids|House of Reginar]])
* [[Ibn Zaydún]], Andalusian poet and writer (b. [[1003]])
* [[Isabella of Urgell]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]]
* [[Robert Crispin]], Norman mercenary leader
* [[William Malet (companion of William the Conqueror)|William Malet]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)

== References ==
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