Editing 1066

{{Short description|Calendar year}}
{{Year dab|1066}}
{{globalize|article|Europe|date=October 2020}}
{{Year nav|1066}}
{{C11 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1066}}[[File:King William I ('The Conqueror') from NPG.jpg|thumb|right|[[William the Conqueror]], King of England 1066–1087]]

== Events ==

=== Worldwide ===
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Halley's Comet]] reaches [[perihelion]]. Its appearance is subsequently recorded in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]].

===Asia ===
* ''unknown dates'' 
**Chinese imperial official [[Sima Guang]] presents the emperor with an eight-volume ''Tongzhi'' (通志; "Comprehensive Records"), chronicling Chinese history from 403 BCE to the end of the Qin dynasty in 207 BCE. The emperor then issues an edict for the compilation of Guang's [[universal history (genre)|universal history]] of China, allocating funds for the costs of compilation and research assistants such as Liu Ban, Liu Shu and Fan Zuyu.<ref>{{cite book|author=D. R. Woolf|title=The Oxford History of Historical Writing|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|ISBN=9780191636936|page=41}}</ref>
**The [[Abu Hanifa Mosque]] is established in [[Baghdad]], when the Grand Vizier of the [[Seljuk Empire]], Abu Saad al-Khwarizmi or al-Mustawfi, builds a shrine for Abu Hanifa near his tomb.<ref name="History of the Great Imam mosque and al-Adhamiyah mosques">{{cite book|last1=al-Aadhamy|first1=Hashim|title=History of the Great Imam mosque and al-Adhamiyah mosques|date=1964|publisher=al-Ani Press|location=Baghdad|volume=1|page=28}}</ref>

===Europe ===
* June–November &ndash; [[Slavic rebellion of 1066|Obodrite revolt]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Gerald |last=Stone |title=Slav Outposts in Central European History: The Wends, Sorbs and Kashubs |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2016 |pages=27–28}}</ref>
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[William the Conqueror|William, Duke of Normandy]], assembles a fleet (around 700 warships) at [[Saint-Valery-sur-Somme]], in readiness for an invasion of England.
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[1066 Granada massacre|Granada massacre]]: A Muslim mob storms the royal palace in [[Granada]], crucifies the Jewish vizier Yusuf ibn Naghrela, and massacres most of the Jewish population.<ref>Norman Roth (1994). ''Jews, Visigoths, and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict''. Netherlands: E.J. Brill, p. 110. {{ISBN|90-04-09971-9}}.</ref>
* [[Huy]] becomes the first town in the [[Low Countries]] to be granted city rights, by [[Theodwin of Liège]].<ref>Philibert Schmitz, "Theoduin", in ''[[Biographie Nationale de Belgique]]'', [http://www.academieroyale.be/Academie/documents/FichierPDFBiographieNationaleTome2072.pdf vol. 24] (Brussels, 1929), 757-758.</ref>
* [[Hedeby]] (located on the [[Jutland|Jutland Peninsula]]) is sacked and burned by the [[West Slavs]], after which it is slowly abandoned.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Nancy Marie Brown|author-link=Nancy Marie Brown|title=The Far Traveler: Voyages of a Viking Woman|date=6 October 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUE9ZFNeCBsC&pg=PT110 |access-date=6 March 2016|pages=95|isbn=9780547539393}}</ref>
* The [[Republic of Genoa]], jealous of the recent successes of its former allies, launches a naval assault on the [[Republic of Pisa]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Benvenuti|first=Gino|title=Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia|year=1985|publisher=Newton & Compton Editori|location=Rome|isbn=88-8289-529-7|page=44}}</ref> 
* King [[Stenkil]] (or Steinkell) dies after a 6-year reign. Two rivals [[Eric and Eric|named Eric]] battle for power in [[Sweden]], both claiming the throne.
* [[Magnus II of Norway|Magnus II]] (Haraldsson), a son of Harald Hardrada, is crowned king of Norway. He unites [[Western Norway]] and [[Northern Norway]].
* [[Fulk IV, Count of Anjou]], known as "the Quarreller", is at war with his brother [[Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey III]], contesting the lands of [[County of Anjou|Anjou]] and [[Touraine]] left to them by their uncle [[Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou]] (Martel).
* [[Šibenik|City of Šibenik]] first mentioned under its present name in a Charter of the Croatian King Petar Krešimir IV

==== England and Scotland ====
* [[January]] &ndash; [[Harold Godwinson]] marries [[Edith of Mercia|Ealdgyth]], daughter of [[Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia|Ælfgar]] (earl of [[Mercia]]), and widow of King [[Gruffydd ap Llywelyn]].
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Edward the Confessor]] dies after a 24-year reign at [[London]]. The [[Witan|Witenagemot]] (or Witan) proclaims Harold Godwinson king of [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Harold Godwinson (Harold II) is crowned king of England, probably in the new [[Westminster Abbey]], where Edward the Confessor's funeral took place not long before the coronation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/coronations|title=Coronations - Westminster Abbey|date=December 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212001125/http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/coronations|archive-date=2009-12-12}}</ref>
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Harald Hardrada]] of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] lands on the beaches of [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire]] and begins his invasion of England. 
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fulford]]: Norwegian forces under Harald Hardrada defeat the English earls [[Edwin, Earl of Mercia|Edwin]] and [[Morcar]].
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Stamford Bridge]]: Harold II defeats the forces of Harald Hardrada and his own brother [[Tostig Godwinson]].
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[William the Conqueror|William, Duke of Normandy]] and his army set sail from the mouth of the [[Somme (river)|River Somme]], beginning the [[Norman conquest of England]]. The following day he lands on the English coast at [[Pevensey]], splits his forces, and sails with the main army to [[Hastings]].<ref>Christopher Gravett (1992). Osprey: ''Hastings: The Fall of Saxon England'', p. 50–51. {{ISBN|1-85532-164-5}}.</ref>
* [[October 6]] &ndash; Harold II marches south from [[Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire|Stamford Bridge]] (near [[York]]) to counter the threat of the invasion by William. Reaching London within five days, he leaves a short time later. After a two-day march he and his army reach [[King's Head Mill|Caldbec Hill]].  
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Battle of Hastings]]: William and Harold II meet in battle at Hastings. Although Harold has the superior position on the battlefield, he is defeated and killed by William, invading England.
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Edgar Ætheling]] is proclaimed king of England (but is never crowned). He is soon forced to submit to the rule of William the Conqueror.
* [[December]] &ndash; William the Conqueror moves along the south coast to [[Dover]], and builds fortifications in the existing castle at the top of the cliffs. He moves to [[Canterbury]] and finally enters London. Archbishop [[Stigand]] and other English leaders submit to William's rule. On [[December 25]], he is crowned as King William I of England in Westminster Abbey over Edward the Confessor's grave.
* ''unknown date'' &ndash; [[Tain]] becomes the first town in [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] to be chartered as a [[royal burgh]] by King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] (Canmore).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tain.org.uk/history-and-heritage-g.asp|title=Tain Community Website - History & Heritage|website=www.tain.org.uk|access-date=2016-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613133839/http://www.tain.org.uk/history-and-heritage-g.asp|archive-date=2016-06-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Births ==
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Lý Nhân Tông]], Vietnamese emperor (d. [[1128]])
* [[Al-Afdal Shahanshah]], vizier of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] (d. [[1121]])
* [[Gilbert Fitz Richard]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (approximate date)
* [[Godfrey of Amiens]], French [[abbot]] and bishop (d. [[1115]])
* [[Henry, Count of Portugal|Henry]], count of [[County of Portugal|Portugal]] ([[Portuguese House of Burgundy|House of Burgundy]]) (d. [[1112]])
* [[Irene Doukaina]] (or Ducaena), Byzantine empress (d. [[1138]])
* [[Wang Cha-ji]], Korean politician and general (d. [[1122]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Edward the Confessor]], king of England<ref>{{cite web |title=Edward the Confessor and Edith |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/edward-the-confessor-and-edith |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=8 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Rostislav of Tmutarakan]], Kievan Rus' prince (b. [[1038]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Everard I of Breteuil]], French nobleman
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Ibn Sidah]], Moorish linguist and [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] (b. [[1007]])
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Al-Bayhaqi]], Persian [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[hadith]] scholar (b. [[994]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Su Xun]], Chinese scholar and writer (b. [[1009]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Gottschalk (Obotrite prince)|Gottschalk]] (or Godescalc), Obotrite prince
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Arialdo]], Italian nobleman and [[deacon]]
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la]], Arab [[Hanbali]] scholar (b. [[990]])
* [[September 25]] (killed at the [[Battle of Stamford Bridge]]):
** [[Eystein Orre]], Norwegian nobleman
** [[Harald Hardrada|Harald III]] (Harald Hardrada), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]]
** [[Tostig Godwinson]], earl of [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]]
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Maria Haraldsdotter]], Norwegian princess
* [[October 14]] (killed at the [[Battle of Hastings]]):
** [[Harold Godwinson|Harold II]] (Harold Godwinson), king of England
** [[Leofwine Godwinson]], brother of Harold II
** [[Gyrth Godwinson]], brother of Harold II
** [[Taillefer]], Norman [[minstrel]]
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[John Scotus (bishop of Mecklenburg)|John Scotus]], bishop of [[Diocese and Prince-bishopric of Schwerin|Mecklenburg]]
** Sacrificed to [[Radegast (god)|Radegast]], the god of hospitality.
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Akihira]], Japanese nobleman
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Conan II, Duke of Brittany|Conan II]], duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]]
* [[December 30]] &ndash; Yusuf ibn Naghrela, Jewish vizier
* [[Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani]], Moorish philosopher
* [[Ali al-Sulayhi]], sultan of [[Yemen]] and [[Tihamah]] (b. [[966]])
* [[Conrad of Pfullingen]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]]
* [[Herluin de Conteville]], Norman nobleman (b. [[1001]])
* [[Kraft of Meissen]] (or Crafto), German bishop
* [[Reiner of Meissen]] (or Rainer), German bishop
* [[Śrīpati]], Indian astronomer and [[mathematician]] (b. [[1019]])
* [[Theobald of Provins]], French [[hermit]] (b. [[1033]])
* [[Udayadityavarman II]], Cambodian ruler<ref>{{cite book|author=Vladimir Braginskii|title=Classical Civilisations of South East Asia: An Anthology of Articles Published in the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2014|ISBN=9781136848797|page=598}}</ref>
* [[Yahya of Antioch]], Byzantine historian<ref>{{cite book|author=Vasilka Tăpkova-Zaimova|title=Bulgarians by Birth: The Comitopuls, Emperor Samuel and Their Successors According to Historical Sources and the Historiographic Tradition|publisher=Brill|year=2018|ISBN=9789004352995|page=167}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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