Editing 1059

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1059}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Year nav|1059}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:Robert Guiscard (by Merry-Joseph Blondel).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Duke [[Robert Guiscard]] (c. 1015–1085)]]
Year '''1059''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[November 22]] &ndash; Emperor [[Isaac I Komnenos]] falls ill on a hunt and retires to a monastery after a 2-year reign. He abdicates the Byzantine throne and appoints [[Constantine X Doukas|Constantine X]], a [[Paphlagonia]]n nobleman, as his successor.<ref>John Julius Norwich (1991). ''Byzantium: The Apogee – The choice of a Successor'', p. 336. {{ISBN|0-394-53779-3}}.</ref>
* Fall &ndash; The [[Hungarians|Magyars]] cross the [[Danube|Danube River]], together with several [[Pechenegs|Pecheneg]] tribes, but are halted by Byzantine forces (approximate date).

==== Europe ====
* [[Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia|Peter Krešimir IV]] is crowned king of [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]] and [[Dalmatia]]. His coronation is recognised by the [[Byzantine Empire]] who confirm him as the supreme ruler of the Dalmatian cities, i.e. over the [[Dalmatia (theme)|Theme of Dalmatia]] – excluding the theme of [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusa]] and the Duchy of [[Durrës|Durazzo]].<ref>{{The Early Medieval Balkans|page= 279}}</ref>
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Robert Guiscard]], count of [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia and Calabria]], signs the [[Treaty of Melfi]] with Pope [[Pope Nicholas II|Nicholas II]]. Nicholas recognises the [[Norman conquest of southern Italy]], and accepts the titles of Guiscard as duke of [[Sicily]].<ref>'' The Normans in Europe'', Ed. & Trans. [[Elisabeth van Houts]] (Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, 2000), pp. 236–37.</ref>

==== Seljuk Empire ====
* [[Alp Arslan]] succeeds his father [[Chaghri Beg]] as governor of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]. He crosses with a Seljuk expeditionary force the upper [[Kızılırmak River|Halys River]] and plunders the [[Sebasteia (theme)|Theme of Sebasteia]] (modern [[Turkey]]).<ref>Brian Todd Carey (2012). ''Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071)'', p. 127. {{ISBN|978-1-84884-215-1}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Pope Nicholas II]] succeeds [[Pope Stephen IX|Stephen IX]] as the 155th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He is installed in [[Rome]] in opposition to Antipope [[Antipope Benedict X|Benedict X]] – the brother of the late Pope [[Pope Benedict IX|Benedict IX]] (deposed in [[1048]]).
* [[April 13]] &ndash; Nicholas II, with the agreement of the [[Lateran Council]], issues the [[papal bull]] ''[[In nomine Domini]]'', making the [[College of Cardinals]] the sole voters in the [[papal conclave]] for the election of popes.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[At-Turtushi]], Andalusian political philosopher (d. [[1126]])
* [[Fujiwara no Akinaka]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1129]])
* [[Fulcher of Chartres]], French priest and [[chronicle]]r (approximate date)
* [[Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Henry I]], count of [[Duchy of Limburg|Limburg]] and [[Arlon]] (approximate date)
* [[Ngok Loden Sherab]], Tibetan [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (d. [[1109]])
* [[Raynald I, abbot of Flavigny|Raynald I]], French nobleman and [[abbot]] (d. [[1090]])
* [[Robert of Burgundy (bishop of Langres)|Robert of Burgundy]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres|Langres]] (d. [[1111]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Michael I Cerularius]], Byzantine patriarch
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Farrukh-Zad of Ghazna|Farrukh-Zad]], Ghaznavid sultan (b. [[1025]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Bernard II, Duke of Saxony|Bernard II]], German nobleman
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Abdallah ibn Yasin]], Almoravid ruler
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Giselbert of Luxembourg|Giselbert]], count of [[County of Luxemburg|Luxembourg]]
* [[Cathal mac Tigernán]], Irish king of [[Iar Connacht]]
* [[Eilika of Schweinfurt]], German noblewoman (after December 10)
* [[Michael VI Bringas]], Byzantine emperor
* [[Peter, King of Hungary|Peter Orseolo]] ("the Venetian"), king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] (possible date)
* [[Vyacheslav Yaroslavich]], prince of [[Principality of Smolensk|Smolensk]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1059}}
[[Category:1059| ]]