Editing 1056

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{{About year|1056}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
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{{C11 year in topic}} 
[[File:Michael VI tetarteron.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Coin of Emperor [[Michael VI Bringas|Michael VI]] "the Old", Byzantine emperor 1056–57]]
Year '''1056''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[August 31]] &ndash; Empress [[Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)|Theodora]] (a sister of the former Empress [[Zoë Porphyrogenita|Zoë]]) dies after a 18-month reign, by a sudden illness at [[Constantinople]]. She is succeeded by [[Michael VI Bringas]] ("the Old"), who had served as [[Logothetes tou stratiotikou|military finance minister]] under the former Emperor [[Romanos III Argyros|Romanos III]]. Michael is appointed through the influence of [[Leo Paraspondylos]], Theodora's most trusted adviser. This ends the [[Macedonian dynasty]].<ref>John Julius Norwich (1991). ''Byzantium: The Apogee – Michael the Aged'', p. 327. {{ISBN|0-394-53779-3}}.</ref>
* [[Theodosios Monomachos|Theodosius]], a nephew of the former Emperor [[Constantine IX Monomachos|Constantine IX]], tries to usurp the Byzantine throne, and liberates all the prisoners who flock to his banner. With their support, he marches through the streets of Constantinople to the Palace. There, the [[Varangian Guard]] forms outside to stop him. Theodosius loses heart and heads for [[Hagia Sophia]]. Later he is captured, and exiled to [[Pergamon]].

==== Europe ====
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor]] ("the Black") dies after a 10-year reign at [[Bodfeld]], an imperial hunting lodge (''Königspfalz'') in the [[Harz|Harz Mountains]]. He is succeeded by his 5-year-old only son [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] as "king of the Germans" and enthroned by Pope [[Pope Victor II|Victor II]] (also a German) at [[Aachen]] – while his mother, Empress [[Agnes of Poitou]], becomes co-[[regent]].<ref>Jonathan Riley-Smith (2004). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume IV – Part II (c. 1024–c. 1198)'', p. 50. {{ISBN|978-0-521-41411-1}}.</ref>
* [[Ottokar I of Styria|Ottokar I]], count of [[Steyr]], becomes [[margrave]] of the [[Karantania]]n March (later known as [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]]).

==== Britain ====
* [[June 16]] &ndash; In response to the attack on [[Hereford]] Cathedral in [[1055]], [[Leofgar of Hereford|Leofgar]] the bishop of Hereford takes an army into [[Wales]] to deal with the Welsh prince [[Gruffydd ap Llywelyn]]. He along with a large number of English troops is killed in battle at [[Glasbury]]-on-Wye by the Welsh. Earl [[Harold Godwinson]] raises an army to take revenge, but comes to peaceful terms with Gruffydd.<ref>Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). ''Handbook of British Chronology'', p. 217. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-56350-X}}.</ref>

==== Northern Africa ====
* [[Battle of Tabfarilla]] in modern day [[Mauritania]]: The [[Almoravids]] are crushed by the [[Godala]] and their Emir.
* [[Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni]] falls.

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* The [[Pagoda of Fogong Temple]] at [[Shanxi]] in northern [[China]] is built during the [[Liao dynasty]]. Work begins on the [[Pizhi Pagoda]] of [[Lingyan Temple (Jinan)|Lingyan Temple]] at [[Shandong]] under the opposing [[Song dynasty]].
* [[Dromtön]], an Atiśa chief disciple, founds [[Reting Monastery]] in the [[Reting Tsangpo]] Valley (north of [[Lhasa (prefecture-level city)|Lhasa]]) as the seat of [[Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)|Kadam]] lineage of [[Tibetan Buddhism]].
* The Muslims expel 300 [[Christianity|Christians]] from [[Jerusalem]], and European Christians are forbidden to enter the [[Church of the Holy Sepulcher]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Al-Muqtadi]], caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (d. [[1094]])
* [[Abdallah ibn Buluggin]] ("the Conqueror"), emir of [[Taifa of Granada|Granada]]
* [[Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut|Baldwin II of Mons]], count of [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]] (approximate date)
* [[Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell]] (or Armengol), Spanish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1092]])
* [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]], Japanese nobleman and [[samurai]] (d. [[1128]])
* [[Hildegarde of Burgundy]], French noblewoman (approximate date)
* [[Nestor the Chronicler]], Russian monk and historian (d. [[1114]]) (approximate date)
* [[Sæmundr fróði]] (Sæmundur Sigfússon), Icelandic priest and scholar (d. [[1133]])
* [[Zhou Bangyan]], Chinese bureaucrat and ''[[Ci (poetry)|ci]]'' poet (d. [[1121]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Æthelstan (bishop of Hereford)|Æthelstan]], English bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]]
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Herman II (archbishop of Cologne)|Herman II]] (or Heriman), archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]]
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Leofgar of Hereford|Leofgar]] (or Leovegard), English bishop of Hereford, killed in battle
* [[August 31]] 
** [[Odda of Deerhurst]], English nobleman
** [[Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)|Theodora]], empress regnant of the [[Byzantine Empire]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Theodora – Byzantine empress [981-1056]|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodora-Byzantine-empress-981-1056|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=April 17, 2018|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[William, Margrave of the Nordmark|William]], margrave of the [[Northern March|Nordmark]]
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]] ("the Black"), Holy Roman Emperor (b. [[1017]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry III – Holy Roman emperor|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-III-Holy-Roman-emperor|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=April 17, 2018|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Flann Mainistreach]], Irish poet and historian
* [[Áed Ua Forréid]], bishop of [[Diocese of Armagh (Church of Ireland)|Armagh]] ([[Church of Ireland]])
* [[Anselm of Liège]], French chronicler (approximate date)
* [[Pope Benedict IX|Benedict IX]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (approximate date)
* [[Ekkehard IV]], Swiss monk and chronicler (approximate date)
* [[Hilal al-Sabi']], Buyid historian, bureaucrat and writer
* [[Leo of Ohrid]], Byzantine archbishop and theologian
* [[Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni]], Almoravid chieftain

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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