Editing 1040

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{About year|1040|the film|1040 (film)|the tax form|Form 1040}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Year nav|1040}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:Gaznaly-seljuk Dandanaqan.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Artwork of the [[Battle of Dandanaqan]]]]
Year '''1040''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXL]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* Spring – [[Nikephoros Dokeianos]], Byzantine governor of the [[Catepanate of Italy]], is murdered by Lombard rebels at [[Ascoli Satriano|Ascoli]]. He is replaced by [[Michael Dokeianos]], who arrives in November with a [[Varangians|Varangian]] army.
* [[August 22]]–[[August 23|23]] – [[Battle at Brůdek]]: Duke [[Bretislav I]] of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] defeats the German forces under King [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]] ("the Black") in the [[Bohemian Forest]].
* [[Peter Delyan]] leads a rebellion against the [[Byzantine Empire]] and is proclaimed by the Bulgarian nobles as emperor (''[[tsar]]'') Peter II in [[Belgrade]].
* The [[Emirate of Sicily]] is divided and fragmented into small fiefdoms. The Arab nobles of [[Palermo]] restore the regime of the [[Kalbids]] (approximate date).

==== Britain ====
* [[March 17]] – King [[Harold Harefoot]] dies at [[Oxford]] at the age of 24. His illegitimate son [[Ælfwine Haroldsson]] is left in the care of his grandmother, [[Ælfgifu of Northampton]].
* [[June 17]] – [[Harthacnut]] lands at [[Sandwich, Kent|Sandwich]] and reclaims the throne of [[Kingdom of England|England]] which had been taken by Harald Harefoot in [[1035]].
* [[August 14]] – King [[Duncan I of Scotland|Duncan]] is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival [[Macbeth I of Scotland|Macbeth]], who succeeds him as king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]].

==== Islamic world ====
* [[May 23]] – [[Battle of Dandanaqan]]: The Turkmen [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuqs]] defeat the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid]] forces (50,000 men) led by Sultan [[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud I]] at Dandanaqan, a fortress city in the desert near [[Merv]]. Ghaznavid commanders [[Ali Daya]] and [[Begtoghdi]] are blamed for the defeat and executed.

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[Weihenstephan Abbey]] (''Kloster Weihenstephan'') in [[Germany]], founds the oldest operating [[brewery]].
* The [[Shalu Monastery]] is founded by the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddhist]] monk [[Chetsun Sherab Jungnay]] in [[Tibet]].

== Births ==
* [[February 22]] – [[Rashi]], French [[rabbi]] and writer (d. [[1105]])
* [[July 12]] – [[Yun Kwan]], Korean general (d. [[1111]])
* [[Adelaide of Hungary]], duchess of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (d. [[1062]])
* [[Alan Rufus]], Norman [[Nobility|nobleman]] (approximate date)
* [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]], king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] (approximate date)
* [[Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad]], Abbadid emir of [[Taifa of Seville|Seville]] (d. [[1095]]) (approximate date)
* [[Arnold of Soissons]], French bishop (approximate date)
* [[Blessed Gerard]], founder of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] (d. [[1120]]) (approximate date)
* [[Bonfilius]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Foligno|Foligno]] (approximate date)
* [[Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg|Conrad I]], count of [[County of Luxemburg|Luxembourg]] (approximate date)
* [[Ernulf]], French [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] monk and bishop (d. [[1124]])
* [[Gebhard (III) of Constance|Gebhard III]], bishop of [[Bishopric of Constance|Constance]] (approximate date)
* [[Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou]], French nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Géza I of Hungary|Géza I]] (Magnus), king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] (approximate date)
* [[Guglielmo Embriaco]], Genoese merchant (d. [[1102]]) (approximate date)
* [[Haziga of Diessen]], German countess (approximate date)
* [[Harald III of Denmark|Harald III]], king of [[Denmark]] (approximate date)
* [[Herman I, Margrave of Baden|Herman I]], margrave of [[Margraviate of Baden|Baden]] (approximate date)
* [[Hugh I, Count of Rethel|Hugh I]], French nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Hugh of Die]], French bishop (approximate date)
* [[Ibn Aqil]], Persian [[Schools of Islamic theology|theologian]] and jurist (d. [[1119]]) (approximate date)
* [[Ida of Lorraine]], French countess (approximate date)
* [[Ivo of Chartres]], French bishop (approximate date)
* [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|Ladislaus I]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] (approximate date)
* [[Saint Ottone Frangipane|Oddone Frangipane]], Italian monk and [[hermit]] (d. [[1127]])
* [[Odo I of Furneaux]] (or Eudes), French nobleman (d. [[1086]])
* [[Roger I of Sicily]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Sikelgaita]], Lombard duchess of [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia]] (d. [[1090]])
* [[Wulfnoth Godwinson]], English nobleman (d. [[1094]])
* [[Xiao Guanyin]], Chinese empress consort of the [[Liao dynasty]] (d. [[1075]])
* [[Zayn al-Din Gorgani]], Persian [[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world|physician]] (d.  [[1136]]) (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 17]] – [[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud I]], Ghaznavid sultan (b. [[998]])
* [[March 3]] – [[Cunigunde of Luxembourg|Cunigunde]], Holy Roman Empress
* [[March 17]] – [[Harold Harefoot]], king of [[Kingdom of England|England]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Harold I {{!}} king of England |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harold-I |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=March 15, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 29]] – [[Renauld I, Count of Nevers|Renauld I]], French nobleman
* [[June 21]] – [[Fulk III, Count of Anjou|Fulk III]], French nobleman (b. [[970]])
* [[August 14]] – [[Duncan I of Scotland|Duncan I]], king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cannon |first1=John |last2=Hargreaves |first2=Anne |title=The Kings and Queens of Britain |date=March 26, 2009 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-158028-4 |page=131 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FKhB1kiXq7YC&pg=PT131 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 1]] – [[Alan III, Duke of Brittany|Alan III]], duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (b. [[997]])
* [[Abu Hashim al-Hasan]], Zaidi [[imam]] and ruler of [[Jemen]]
* [[Abu Nasr Mushkan]], Persian statesman (or [[1039]])
* [[Ali Daya]], Ghaznavid commander-in-chief, executed
* [[Begtoghdi]], Ghaznavid commander-in-chief, executed
* [[Bertha of Milan]], Lombard duchess (approximate date)
* [[Dietrich I of Meissen|Dietrich I]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen|Meissen]] (approximate date)
* [[Gilbert, Count of Brionne]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Helias of Cologne]], Irish [[abbot]] and musician
* [[Hugh, Count of Suio|Hugh]], Italian nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Hugh I, Count of Empúries|Hugh I]], count of [[County of Empúries|Empúries]] and [[Peralada]]
* [[Ibn al-Haytham]], Arab [[Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world|astronomer]] (approximate date)
* [[John V of Gaeta|John V]], duke of [[Duchy of Gaeta|Gaeta]] (approximate date)
* [[Maria of Amalfi]], Lombard duchess (approximate date)
* [[Nikephoros Dokeianos]], Byzantine general
* [[Unsuri]], Persian poet and writer (or [[1039]])
* [[Yeshe-Ö]], Tibetan [[lama]]-king (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1040| ]]