Editing 1031

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[[File:Califato de Córdoba - 1000-en.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] (green) ends.]]
Year '''1031''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* [[July 20]] &ndash; King [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ('''the Pious''') dies at [[Melun]], after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, [[Henry I of France|Henry I]], who becomes the sole ruler of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]. Henry's mother, Queen dowager [[Constance of Arles]], prefers her third son, [[Robert I, Duke of Burgundy|Robert]], as heir to the [[throne]] and, with the help of Count [[Odo II, Count of Blois|Odo II]], begins a war against Henry.<ref>Jonathan Riley-Smith (2006). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198'', p. 124. {{ISBN|978-0-521-41411-1}}.</ref>
* The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] collapses after years of infighting; the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim ''[[taifa]]'' (kingdoms). The last [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] ruler, Caliph [[Hisham III of Córdoba|Hisham III]], tries to consolidate the caliphate, but his raising of taxes (to pay for [[mosques]]) leads to heavy opposition and he is imprisoned by his rivals.<ref>Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). ''Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture'', pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. {{ISBN|0816606889}}.</ref>
* King [[Mieszko II Lambert|Mieszko II]] is forced to escape [[Greater Poland|Poland]] after an attack of Grand Prince [[Yaroslav the Wise|Yaroslav I]] ('''the Wise''') of [[Kyiv]], who installs Mieszko's half-brother [[Bezprym]] onto the Polish throne.
* France suffers from a [[famine]] (until [[1033]]).<ref>Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) ''L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans'', Paris, Fayard.</ref>

==== Middle East ====
* The Byzantine general [[George Maniakes]] captures [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]] from the [[Arab Muslims]] and stabilizes the eastern frontier.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] ('''Canmore'''), king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1093]])
* [[Hoël II, Duke of Brittany|Hoël II]] (or '''Houel'''), duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (approximate date)
* [[Matilda of Flanders]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (d. [[1083]])
* [[Muhammad ibn Ammar]], Moorish [[Poetry|poet]] and writer (d. [[1086]])
* [[Robert, Count of Mortain|Robert]], Norman [[Nobility|nobleman]] and [[Earl of Cornwall]] (d. [[1095]])
* [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger I]] ('''the Great Count'''), Norman nobleman (d. [[1101]]) 
* [[Shen Kuo]], Chinese [[polymath]] scientist and engineer (d. 1095)
* [[Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia|Spytihněv II]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] ([[Přemyslid dynasty|House of Přemyslid]]) (d. [[1061]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[William of Volpiano]], Italian [[abbot]] (b. [[962]])
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Gunnor]], duchess consort of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Liudolf of Lotharingia]], German nobleman 
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Hyeonjong of Goryeo|Hyeonjong]], king of [[Goryeo]] ([[Korea]]) (b. [[992]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Emperor Shengzong of Liao|Sheng Zong]], emperor of the [[Liao dynasty|Liao Dynasty]] (b. [[972]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Taira no Tadatsune]], Japanese governor (b. [[975]])
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ('''the Pious'''), king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. 972)
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Burchard (archbishop of Vienne)|Burchard]], French archbishop and count
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Saint Emeric of Hungary|Emeric]], Hungarian prince and co-heir
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Kang Kam-ch'an]], Korean general (b. [[948]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Al-Qadir]], Abbasid caliph of [[Baghdad]] (b. [[947]])
* [[Aribo (archbishop of Mainz)|Aribo]], German archbishop and primate (''[[Primas Germaniae]]'')
* [[Fadl ibn Muhammad]], Shaddadid emir of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] ([[Azerbaijan]])
* [[Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab]], Abbasid scholar and jurist (b. [[973]])
* [[Snorri Goði]], Icelandic [[Vikings|Viking]] warrior and chieftain (b. [[963]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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