Editing 1024

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1024}}
{{Year nav|1024}}
[[File:Conrad II et prince impérial, vitrail roman, Cathédrale de Strasbourg.jpg|thumb|150px|[[September 4]]: Conrad the Elder is elected King of Germany over his cousin, Conrad the Younger]]
[[File:Pope John XIX.jpg|thumb|150px|[[April 19]]: [[Pope John XIX]] succeeds his brother, [[Pope Benedict VIII]]]]
{{C11 year in topic}}
Year '''1024''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

===January–March===
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Abd al-Rahman V]], Caliph of Córdoba is assassinated in a coup d'etat by [[Muhammad III of Córdoba]].
* [[February 17]] &ndash; According to the cartulary-chronicle of the [[Bèze Abbey]] (officially the Abbaye Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul de Bèze) in the [[Burgundy]] region of France, the brothers Girard and Lambert repent of their seizure of the village of [[Viévigne]] and restore the property to the Abbey "for the good of their souls".<ref>''The Cartulary-Chronicle of St-Pierre of Bèze'', ed. by Constance Brittain Bouchard (University of Toronto Press, 2019) p.188</ref>
* [[March 9]] &ndash; In [[Bamberg]] in Germany, the Holy Roman Emperor issues an order to regulate the ongoing dispute between the ministries of [[Fulda]] and [[Hersfeld]]<ref>.Boyd H. Hill, Jr, ''Medieval Monarchy in Action: The German Empire from Henry I to Henry IV'' (Taylor & Francis, 2019)</ref>
* [[March 23]] (9 Muharram 415 AH) &ndash; In the first example of the reversal of the policy of religious tolerance created by the late Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim, Egyptian Christian Abu Zakariyya is arrested on charges of [[apostasy]]. Zakariyya, raised as a [[Christianity|Christian]], had converted to [[Islam]], but then renounced Islam and converted back to Christianity, with immunity granted by al-Hakim. Zakariyya, apparently singled out for punishment is executed on October 14 (7 Shaban 415 CE).<ref name=Lev2020>{{cite book | last = Lev | first = Yaacov | author-link = Yaacov Lev | title = The Administration of Justice in Medieval Egypt: From the 7th to the 12th Century | year = 2021 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | location = Edinburgh | isbn = 978-1-47445924-2 | url = {{Google Books|VC5zzgEACAAJ|plainurl=y}} }}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; Massud ibn Tahir al-Wazzan, the [[vizier]] of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt since 1019, is dismissed by the Caliph [[al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah]], and replaced by al-Rudhbari.<ref>Michael Brett, ''The Fatimid Empire'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2017)</ref>

===April–June===
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Pope Benedict VIII]], formerly Theophylact II, Count of Tusculum, dies after a reign of 12 years at [[Rome]].
* [[April 19]] &ndash; Romano de Tusculana, Count of Tusculum and the brother of the late Pope Benedict, arrives in Rome to become the 144th [[pope]] of the Roman [[Catholic Church]], and takes the name [[Pope John XIX]].</onlyinclude>
* [[May 4]] (20 Safar 415) &ndash; The Ambassador from [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] to Egypt is received at Cairo by the Caliph al-Zahir.
* [[May 13]] &ndash; Fujiwara no Takako, daughter of influential Japanese statesman [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]], is married to Minamoto no Morofusa.
* [[June]] &ndash; Bedouins led by Abd Alla Ibn Idris al-Ja'fari attack the towns of Ayla and al-'Arish in southern Palestine after the Fatimids of Egypt refuse to restore al-Ja'fari as the Governor of the Wadi al-Qura.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lev|first=Yaacov|author-link=Yaacov Lev|editor1-last=Hidemitsu|editor1-first=Kuroki|title=The Influence of Human Mobility in Muslim Societies|date=2003|publisher=Kegan Paul|isbn=0710308027|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fW_-AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|chapter=Turks in the Political and Military Life of Eleventh-Century Egypt and Syria|page=47}}</ref>

===July–September===
* [[July 13]] &ndash; Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor]] dies in his imperial palace at [[Göttingen]] in [[Germany]]. Henry leaves no heirs. He has deliberately made no provision for a successor, "leaving that regulation in the hands of God", and his death ends the [[Ottonian dynasty]],<ref>Herbert Schutz, ''The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm, 900-1300'' (Cambridge Scholars Publisher, 2010) p. 109</ref> and plans are made to elect a new Emperor in September.
* [[July 17]] &ndash; In Japan, the [[Manju (era)|Manju]] (万寿) era begins.
* [[July 27]] &ndash;  [[Thu'ban ibn Muhammad]] becomes the new Fatimid Governor of Aleppo.
* [[August 23]] (17th day of 7th month of 1 Manju) &ndash;  While Emperor Goichijo attends a sumo match in the Shishinden hall behind the Ichijo-in Temple, a fight breaks out between Judge Fujiwara Keisuke and Minamoto no Shigeto, leader of the Kurando Shikibu.<ref>"Fighting Nobles: The Tale of Genji Behind the Heian Dynasty", by Shinichi Shigeta, ''Kashiwa Shobo'' (September 2005), p.15</ref>
* [[August 27]] (17 Jumada II 415) &ndash; The [[Cairo]] Canal is opened in Fatimid Egypt in a ceremony that includes the Caliph al-Zahir.<ref name=Lev2022/>
* [[August 29]] (19 Jumada II 415) &ndash; In the wake of a famine striking Egypt, Yaqub ibn al-Dawwas issues an edict on the first day of the Coptic Christian new year, prohibiting the slaughter of cattle and announces that violators will forfeit their life and their property.<ref name=Lev2022>{{State and Society in Fatimid Egypt|page=171}}</ref>
* [[August]] &ndash;
**[[Anushtakin al-Dizbari]], the Fatimid Governor of [[Jund Filastin|Palestine]], confronts the Bedouin [[Jarrahids]], sending troops to collect the taxes from the iqtaʿ(fief) of the Bayt Jibrin, led by Hassan ibn Mufarrij.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lev|first=Yaacov|author-link=Yaacov Lev|editor1-last=Hidemitsu|editor1-first=Kuroki|title=The Influence of Human Mobility in Muslim Societies|date=2003|publisher=Kegan Paul|isbn=0710308027|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fW_-AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|chapter=Turks in the Political and Military Life of Eleventh-Century Egypt and Syria |page=48}}</ref> The Jarrahids kill the collectors. Anushtakin retaliates by imprisoning two of Hassan's senior aides in Ascalon and gains permission from Caliph az-Zahir to attack Hassan while the latter is incapacitated by illness.
**The Jarrahids, led by Hassan ibn Mufarrij, invade Palestine and attack the city of [[Tiberias]], pillaging the town and killing civilians.<ref>"Tiberias, From Its Foundation to the End of the Early Islamic Period", by Katia Cyrtryn-Silverman, in ''Galilee in the Late Second Temple and Mishnaic Periods: The Archaeological Record from Cities, Towns, and Villages'', ed. by David A. Fiensy and James Riley Strange, Volume 2 (Fortress Press, 2015) p.188</ref>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Basil Boioannes]], Byzantine general and governor of the [[Catapanate of Italy]], sails from [[Bari]] across the Adriatic Sea to begin an invasion of Croatia, ruled by Krešimir III. He later takes Kresimir's wife as a hostage, transporting her to [[Bari]] and then to [[Constantinople]] as a hostage.
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad the Elder]] is elected as the new [[King of Germany]]  by an assembly of imperial princes and nobles at Kamba, receiving more votes than his cousin [[Conrad II, Duke of Carinthia|Conrad the Younger]], son of [[Conrad I, Duke of Carinthia]]
* [[September 8]] &ndash; Conrad the Elder is crowned as King Conrad II of Germany in a ceremony at [[Mainz]], and he and Conrad the Younger are invested as joint dukes of [[Franconia]].
* [[September 11]] (4 Rajab 415) &ndash; Ibn Dawwas is fired from his job of administering food relief in Egypt, and replaced by Baqiyy, described as "a black slave who also managed the two ''shurtas''" (food supplies) of Fustat and Cairo; Baqiyy is fired only two days later as the food crisis worsens, and Ibn Dawwas is rehired.<ref>Ahmad Ghabin, ''Ḥisba: Arts and Craft in Islam'' (Harrassowitz, 2009) p.65</ref>
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Gisela of Swabia]], wife of Conrad II, is crowned as the Queen consort of Germany by Archbishop Pilgrim in a ceremony at [[Cologne]]. The royal couple then make a tour of Germany, traveling to [[Aachen]] (9/23), Nijmegen, Liege (10/2), Gendt (11/14), Dortmund and Minden.<ref>Herwig Wolfram, ''Conrad II, 990-1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms'' (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010) pp.56-59</ref>
* [[September]]  &ndash;
**In India, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni begins his 12th, and final, expedition of plunder, departing with a cavalry of 30,000 troops, toward Multan, followed by Ajmer and Anhilvada, arriving at Somnath on January 30.<ref>Henry Beveridge, ''A Comprehensive History of India'' (1871, reprinted by Anatiposi Verlag, 2023)pp.48-49</ref>
**Anushtakin al-Dizbari of Palestine leads an expedition in the mountains around [[Nablus]] to apprehend the Bedouin leader Hassan ibn Mufarrij. However, the latter, with 3,000 of his horsemen, repulses Anushtakin, who retreats to [[Ramla]], the capital of Palestine. Hassan and his troops then arrive at Ramla and burn the capital.<ref>"Palestine", in ''Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia'', ed. by Josef W. Meri (Taylor & Francis, 2005) p.591</ref>

===October—December===
* [[October]] &ndash;
**[[Salih ibn Mirdas]]'s forces, led by Ibn Tawq, advance against [[Aleppo]] and fight sporadic engagements with the Fatimid troops of governors Thu'ban and Mawsuf.<ref name = "Amabe2016">{{cite book |last1=Amabe |first1=Fukuzo |title=Urban Autonomy in Medieval Islam: Damascus, Aleppo, Cordoba, Toledo, Valencia and Tunis |date=2016 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |url={{Google Books|EAEKDAAAQBAJ|plainurl=y}} |isbn=978-90-04-31598-3 }}{{rp|61–62}}</ref> Salih and the Bedouins camp outside of [[Bab al-Jinan]] and demand surrender from the lead Islamic judge of the city, Ibn Abi Usama, and are refused.<ref name = "Amabe2016"/>{{rp|62}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zakkar |first1=Suhayl |title=The Emirate of Aleppo: 1004–1094 |date=1971 |publisher=Dar al-Amanah |location=Beirut |url={{Google Books|sbltAAAAMAAJ|plainurl=y}} |oclc=759803726 }}</ref>{{rp|97}}
**The [[Banu Kalb]], under [[Sinan ibn Ulayyan]] begins its siege of Damascus
**The Tayy takes over Ramla, capital of Palestine.
*[[November 22]] (17 Ramadan 415 AH) &ndash; The siege of Aleppo is started by [[Salih ibn Mirdas]] and an army of Bedouin warriors. After a siege of more than 50 days, and heavy casualties on both sides, Aleppo surrenders on January 18, 1025 (13 Dhu al-Qa'da 415 AH).<ref>Fukuzo Amabe, ''Urban Autonomy in Medieval Islam: Damascus, Aleppo, Cordoba, Toledo, Valencia and Tunis'' (BRILL, 2016)</ref>{{sfn|Zakkar|1971|p=97}}
*[[November]] &ndash; After a 20 day of siege, Mansur I, formerly the Emir of [[Emirate of Derbent|Derbent]] recaptures the capital from the Emir [[Yazid ibn Ahmad]] with help from the Christian state of [[Sarir]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Minorsky |first=Vladimir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPMHVEt_wVUC |title=A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries |publisher=University of Michigan |year=1958 |isbn=978-1-84511-645-3 |page=31}}</ref>  
*[[December 17]] &ndash; The monastery of [[Grottaferrata]], outside of [[Rome]], is consecrated by Pope John XIX and dedicated to the Virgin Mary.<ref>"Grottaferrata", by Darrell D. Davisson, in ''Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia'' (Taylor & Francis, 2004)</ref>
*[[December 29]] &ndash; The Fatimid caliph celebrates the [[Eid al-Fitr]] in an elaborate ceremony at the Anwar Mosque, as recounted later by the Amir [[al-Musabbihi]].<ref>"Social elites at the Fatimid court", by Paul E. Walker, in ''Court Cultures in the Muslim World Seventh to Nineteenth Centuries'' (Taylor & Francis, 2014)
</ref>
*[[December]] &ndash; Sultan al-Dawla, Emir of Fars, dies and is succeeded by [[Abu Kalijar]].<ref>Muhammad Nazim, ''The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna'' (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p.13</ref>

===By place===

====Europe====
* [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] expedition to invade [[Emirate of Sicily|Sicily]]: Governor [[History of Islam in southern Italy#Independent emirate of Sicily (965–1091)|Ahmed al-Akhal]] appeals to the [[Zirid dynasty|Zirids]] of [[Ifriqiya]] for help. They dispatch a fleet, but these are caught up in a storm and destroyed near [[Pantelleria]].
* [[Battle of Lemnos (1024)|Battle of Lemnos]]:  [[Kievan Rus'|Kievan]] [[Vikings|Viking]] raiders (800 men) sail through the straits at [[Abydos (Hellespont)|Abydos]] to the [[Aegean Sea]]. From there they make for the island of [[Lemnos]], but are defeated by a Byzantine fleet of the [[Cibyrrhaeot Theme]].<ref>{{John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057|page=347}}</ref>
* [[Roger I of Tosny]], a Norman [[Nobility|nobleman]], leaves the battlefield of the [[Ebro|Ebro Valley]] after terrorising the [[Saracens]] and capturing several towns and castles during the [[Reconquista]] in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] (modern [[Spain]]).<ref name="french crusades">{{cite journal|last=Boissonade|first=B.|title=Les premières croisades françaises en Espagne. Normands, Gascons, Aquitains et Bourguignons (1018-1032)|journal=Bulletin Hispanique|year=1934|volume=36|issue=1|pages=5–28|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/hispa_0007-4640_1934_num_36_1_2607|doi=10.3406/hispa.1934.2607}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet [[Daini no Sanmi]], lady-in-waiting to dowager Grand [[Empress Shōshi]], is married to {{ill|Fujiwara no Kanetaka|ja|藤原兼隆}}.
* Japanese ''waka'' poet [[Sagami (poet)|Sagami]] divorces, returns to [[Kyoto]] and becomes a lady-in-waiting to Imperial Princess Shushi.
* Murder of the daughter of the late Japanese [[Emperor Kazan]], a lady-in-waiting to Shōshi who orders an investigation.
* [[Jiaozi (currency)|Jiaozi]], the world's first [[Banknote|paper-printed money]], which later greatly benefits the [[economy of the Song dynasty]], originates in the [[Sichuan]] province of China.
* Sultan [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] sacks the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] religious center of [[Somnath temple|Somnath]] and takes away a booty of 20 million [[dinar]]s (approximate date).

== Births ==
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Hugh of Cluny|Hugh the Great]], abbot of [[Cluny Abbey|Cluny]] (d. [[1109]])
* [[Al-Kunduri]], vizier of the [[Seljuk Empire]] (d. [[1064]])
* [[Bruno II of Brunswick|Bruno II]], margrave of [[Friesland]] (d. [[1057]])
* [[Fu Yaoyu]], Chinese official and politician (d. [[1091]])
* [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]], Grand Prince of [[Kiev]] (d. [[1078]])
* [[Magnus the Good]], king of [[Norway]] (d. [[1047]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]], Holy Roman Emperor (b. [[973]])
* [[Abd ar-Rahman V]], Umayyad caliph of [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]]
* [[Alpert of Metz]], French [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] chronicler 
* [[Brihtwine]], bishop of [[Diocese of Bath and Wells|Wells]] (approximate date)
* [[Choe Hang (Goryeo civil minister)|Choe Hang]], civil minister of [[Goryeo]] ([[Korea]])
* [[Cúán úa Lothcháin]], Irish poet and [[Ollamh Érenn|Chief Ollam]]
* [[Hugbert of Meissen|Hugbert]] (or Hukbrecht), bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen|Meissen]]
* [[Sultan al-Dawla]], Buyid emir of [[Fars province|Fars]] (b. 993)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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