Editing 1021

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Year nav|1021}}
{{About year|1021}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:93-vaspurakan908-1021.gif|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Kingdom of Vaspurakan]] (908–1021)]]
Year '''1021''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[November]] &ndash; Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] conducts his fourth [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italian]] military campaign. He crosses the [[Brenner Pass]] with a 60,000-strong army, and reaches [[Verona]], where he receives [[Lombards|Lombard]] levies. Henry proceeds to [[Mantua]] and then into [[Ravenna]], to spend [[Christmas]] there.
* The [[Taifa of Valencia]], a [[Moors|Moorish]] kingdom in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]), becomes independent from the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] (approximate date).

====Africa====
* [[February 13]] &ndash; On one of his habitual night rides in the outskirts of [[Cairo]], the [[Fatimid]] caliph [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] disappears, most likely assassinated by disaffected palace factions, apparently involving his sister, [[Sitt al-Mulk]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Halm | first=Heinz | author-link=Heinz Halm | title=Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fāṭimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 | language=de | trans-title=The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074 | publisher=C. H. Beck | location=Munich | year=2003 | isbn=3-406-48654-1 | url={{Google Books|Hj2bhVntO3EC|plainurl=yes}} | pages=297–302}}</ref>
*[[March 26]] &ndash; On the feast of [[Eid al-Adha]], the death of al-Hakim, kept secret for six weeks, is announced, along with the succession of his son, [[al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah]]. On the same day, al-Hakim's designated heir, [[Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas]], is arrested in [[Damascus]] and brought to Egypt.<ref>{{cite book | last=Halm | first=Heinz | title=Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fāṭimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 | language=de | trans-title=The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074 | publisher=C. H. Beck | location=Munich | year=2003 | isbn=3-406-48654-1 | url={{Google Books|Hj2bhVntO3EC|plainurl=yes}} | pages=307–308}}</ref>
* The last evidence of indigenous [[Christianity|Christian]] and non-[[Arabophone]] culture in [[Tripolitania]] (modern [[Libya]]) is seen.{{vague|date=February 2021}}<ref name="espace libyeb">{{cite book|last=Bresc|first=Henri|title=Parte prima. Il regno normanno e il Mediterraneo|chapter=La Sicile et l'espace libyen au Moyen Age|year=2003|chapter-url=http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|accessdate=January 17, 2012}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[Senekerim-Hovhannes Artsruni]], king of [[Kingdom of Vaspurakan|Vaspurakan]] ([[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]]), surrenders his kingdom to the [[Byzantine Empire]]. In return, he receives [[Sebasteia (theme)|Sebasteia]] and becomes governor of [[Cappadocia (theme)|Cappadocia]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Hewsen | first = Robert H. | title = Armenia: A Historical Atlas | year = 2001 | publisher = [[The University of Chicago Press]] | isbn = 0-226-33228-4 | page = 126}}</ref>
*[[Battle of Shirimni]], the [[Byzantine Empire]] under [[Basil II]] defeats the [[Kingdom of Georgia]] under [[Giorgi I]] at Shirimni, at the Lake Palakazio, modern [[Lake Çıldır]], [[Turkey]]
* [[Hovhannes-Smbat III of Armenia|Hovhannes-Smbat III]], King of the Armenian kingdom of [[Ani]], is attacked by his younger brother [[Ashot IV]], and loses much power to him, becoming concurrent king of outlying territories.
* Emperor [[Rajendra Chola I]] extends his influence of the [[Chola dynasty|Chola Empire]] to the banks of the [[Ganges|Ganges River]] ([[North India]]) and invades [[Bengal]].
* Sultan [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] appoints [[Malik Ayaz]] to the throne, making [[Lahore]] (modern [[Pakistan]]) the capital of the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]].
* The Chinese capital city of [[Kaifeng]] has some half a million residents by this year. Including all those present in the nine designated suburbs, the population is over a million people.

==== North America ====
* [[Vikings]] known to be occupying [[L'Anse aux Meadows]] on [[Newfoundland (island)]].<ref>Based on dating of a felled tree using [[dendrochronology]] based on a timeline using the [[993–994 carbon-14 spike]]. {{Cite journal|last1=Kuitems|first1=Margot|last2=Wallace|first2=Birgitta L.|last3=Lindsay|first3=Charles|last4=Scifo|first4=Andrea|last5=Doeve|first5=Petra|last6=Jenkins|first6=Kevin|last7=Lindauer|first7=Susanne|last8=Erdil|first8=Pınar|last9=Ledger|first9=Paul M.|last10=Forbes|first10=Véronique|last11=Vermeeren|first11=Caroline|date=October 20, 2021|title=Evidence for European presence in the Americas in ad 1021|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=601 |issue=7893 |pages=388–391|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03972-8|pmid=34671168|pmc=8770119 |s2cid=239051036|issn=1476-4687|quote=Our result of AD 1021 for the cutting year constitutes the only secure calendar date for the presence of Europeans across the Atlantic before the voyages of Columbus [in [[1492]]]. Moreover, the fact that our results, on three different trees, converge on the same year is notable and unexpected. This coincidence strongly suggests Norse activity at L’Anse aux Meadows in AD 1021.|doi-access=free}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[Wang Anshi]], Chinese [[Grand chancellor (China)|chancellor]] (d. [[1086]])
* [[Eudokia Makrembolitissa]], Byzantine empress (d. [[1096]])
* [[Fujiwara no Kanshi]], Japanese empress consort (d. [[1102]])
* [[Wugunai]], Chinese chieftain of the [[Wanyan]] tribe (d. [[1074]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]], Fatimid caliph (b. [[985]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Arnulf (archbishop of Reims)|Arnulf]], French archbishop and [[Legitimacy (family law)|illegitimate]] son of [[Lothair of France|Lothair III]]
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Heribert of Cologne|Heribert]], archbishop of [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]] (b. c. [[970]])
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Akimitsu]], Japanese bureaucrat (b. [[944]])
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Erkanbald]], German [[abbot]] and archbishop
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Minamoto no Yorimitsu]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (b. [[948]])
* [[Fujiwara no Yoshikane]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[957]])
* [[Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani]], Fatimid scholar and philosopher
* [[Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad|Hamza ibn 'Ali ibn-Ahmad]], founding leader of the [[Druze]]
* [[Liu Mei]], Chinese official and general (approximate date)
* [[Mac Cú Ceanain]], king of [[Uí Díarmata]] ([[Ireland]])
* [[Shams al-Dawla]], Buyid emir of [[Hamadan]] ([[Iran]])
* [[Trilochanapala]], king of the [[Hindu Shahi|Kabul Shani dynasty]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1021| ]]