Editing 1014

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1014|the 2019 Burmese film|1014 (film)}}
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{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:The Chronicle of Ioannis Skylitzis Bulagar Defeat.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Basil II]] defeats the Bulgarians at [[Klyuch|Kleidon]].]]
Year '''1014''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1014th in topic the 1014th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD) designations, the 14th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 14th year of the 11th century, and the 5th year of the [[1010s]] decade.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Battle of Thessalonica (1014)|Battle of Thessalonica]]: Emperor [[Basil II]] launches a raiding expedition against [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]]. From [[Western Thrace]] via [[Serres]] he reaches the valley of the [[Struma (river)|Strymon River]], near [[Thessaloniki]] (modern [[Greece]]); the local Byzantine governor [[Theophylact Botaneiates]] defeats the Bulgarians.
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Battle of Kleidion]]: Basil II defeats the Bulgarian forces, between the mountains of [[Belasica|Belasitsa]] and [[Ograzhden (mountain)|Ograzhden]], near the town of [[Klyuch|Kleidon]]. By order of Basil, almost 15,000 prisoners are blinded; Tsar [[Samuel of Bulgaria|Samuel]] survives the battle, but dies of shock. Basil earns the nickname "Bulgar-Slayer".

==== Europe ====
* [[February 14]] &ndash; King [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] arrives at [[Rome]] and is crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]] together with his wife [[Cunigunde of Luxembourg|Cunigunde]] by Pope [[Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]] in [[Old St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's Basilica]]. Henry establishes the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bobbio|Diocese of Bobbio]] (Northern [[Italy]]) and returns to [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]].

==== England ====
* [[February 3]] &ndash; King [[Sweyn Forkbeard]] dies at [[Gainsborough, Lincolnshire|Gainsborough]] after a reign of five weeks. He is succeeded by [[Harald II of Denmark|Harald II]] who becomes king of [[Denmark]], while [[Cnut the Great|Cnut]] is elected by the [[Vikings]] of the [[Danelaw]] as king of [[Kingdom of England|England]].{{sfn|Williams|2005}}
* [[March]] &ndash; King [[Æthelred the Unready]] sends ambassadors to England, including his own son [[Edward the Confessor|Edward]] to negotiate to reclaim of the throne at the invitation of the English [[Nobility|nobles]].{{sfn|Needham|2008}}

====Ireland====
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Clontarf]]: [[Brian Boru]], High King of Ireland, defeats a Norse-Irish alliance, although himself killed.

==== Africa ====
* [[Hammad ibn Buluggin]] adopts [[Sunni Islam]] and declares his independence from the [[Zirid dynasty]] (modern [[Algeria]]). He recognizes the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] in [[Baghdad]] as being the rightful caliphs and becomes the first ruler of the [[Hammadid dynasty]] (until [[1028]]).

==== Asia ====
* [[Emperor Sanjō]] of Japan has an eye illness. Influential statesman [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]] schemes to place his 6-year-old grandson [[Emperor Go-Ichijō|Prince Atsuhira]] on the throne rather than the Emperor's son.
* [[Rajendra Chola I]], king of the [[Chola dynasty]] begins his reign. (India)

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* The [[Nicene Creed|Nicene-Constantinopolitan Symbol of the Faith]] is used for the first time during the [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Roman Mass]], after Henry II, the newly crowned Holy Roman Emperor, asks the [[Pope]] to add it – together with the ''[[filioque]]'' clause. Prior to this date, the Creed has not been used at all during the [[liturgy]].
* [[Wulfstan (died 1023)|Wulfstan]], archbishop of [[Diocese of York|York]] in England, preaches his Latin homily ''[[Sermo Lupi ad Anglos]]'' ("Wulf's Address to the English"), describing the Danes as "God's judgement on England".{{sfn|Palmer|Palmer|1992}}</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Anawrahta]], founder of the [[Pagan Kingdom|Pagan Empire]] ([[Myanmar|Burma]]) (d. [[1077]])
* [[Al-Bakri]], Andalusian [[historian]] and [[geographer]] (d. [[1094]])
* [[Cynan ab Iago]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] (approximate date)
* [[Iestyn ap Gwrgant]], king of [[Glywysing#Morgannwg|Morgannwg]] (d. [[1093]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Sweyn Forkbeard]], king of [[Denmark]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]] (b. [[960]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Yang Yanzhao]], general of the [[Song dynasty]]
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Clontarf]]:
** [[Brian Boru]], [[High King of Ireland]]
** [[Carnen Ua Cadhla]], Irish [[Nobility|nobleman]]
** [[Mathghamhain]], Irish nobleman
** [[Murchad mac Briain]], Irish nobleman
** [[Sigurd the Stout]], Viking nobleman ([[earl]])
** [[Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh]], king of [[Uí Maine]]
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Bagrat III of Georgia|Bagrat III]], king of [[Kingdom of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Æthelstan Ætheling]], son of [[Æthelred the Unready]]
* August &ndash; [[Pandulf II of Benevento|Pandulf II]] ("the Old"), prince of [[Duchy of Benevento|Benevento]] and [[Principality of Capua|Capua]]
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Samuel of Bulgaria|Samuel]], emperor ([[tsar]]) of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Werner, Margrave of the Nordmark|Werner]], margrave of the [[Northern March|North March]]
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Swanehilde of Saxony|Swanehilde]], German noblewoman
* [[Abu'l-Abbas ibn al-Furat]], Fatimid [[vizier]] (or [[1015]])
* [[Al-Hakim Nishapuri]], Persian [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] scholar (b. [[933]])
* [[Raja Raja Chola I]], king of the [[Chola dynasty]]. (India)
* [[Brithwine I]], bishop of [[Diocese of Salisbury|Sherborne]] (approximate date)
* [[Giselbert I of Roussillon|Giselbert I]], count of [[County of Roussillon|Roussillon]] ([[Spain]]) (or [[1013]])
* [[Lu Zhen]], Chinese [[scholar-official]] and diplomat
* [[Rotbold II, Count of Provence|Rotbold II]], margrave of [[Provence]] (approximate date)
* [[Theophylact Botaneiates]], Byzantine general and governor
* [[Wulfnoth Cild]], English nobleman (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite web
 |first1=Mark 
 |last1=Needham 
 |date=2008 
 |url=http://www.timeref.com/hpr43.htm 
 |title=Æthelred (II The Unready, King of the English 978-1013, 1014-1016) 
 |access-date=January 4, 2008 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119183545/http://www.timeref.com/people/hpr43.htm 
 |archive-date=November 19, 2014 
 |url-status=live
}}

* {{cite book
| last1     = Palmer
| first1    = Alan
| last2     = Palmer
| first2    = Veronica
| date      = 1992
| title     = Chronology of British History
| publisher = Century Ltd / Barrie & Jenkins
| location  = London
| pages     = 48–49
| isbn      = 978-0712656160
}}

* {{cite book |last1      = Williams
 |first1     = Hywel
 |title      = Cassell's Chronology of World History
 |url        = https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/105
 |url-access = registration
 |publisher  = Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 |date       = 2005
 |isbn       = 978-0304357307
 |pages      = [https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/105 105–106]
}}

{{refend}}

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