Editing Zoonosis (section)

=== Pets ===
{{Further|Feline zoonosis}}
Pets can transmit a number of diseases. Dogs and cats are routinely vaccinated against [[rabies]]. Pets can also transmit [[ringworm]] and ''[[Giardia]]'', which are endemic in both animal and human populations. [[Toxoplasmosis]] is a common infection of cats; in humans it is a mild disease although it can be dangerous to pregnant women.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/gen_info/pregnant.html|title=Toxoplasmosis – General Information – Pregnant Women|last=Prevention|first=CDC – Centers for Disease Control and|website=cdc.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118053645/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/gen_info/pregnant.html|archive-date=18 November 2015|access-date=1 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dirofilariasis]] is caused by ''[[Dirofilaria immitis]]'' through mosquitoes infected by mammals like dogs and cats. [[Cat-scratch disease]] is caused by ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' and ''[[Bartonella quintana]]'', which are transmitted by fleas that are endemic to cats. [[Toxocariasis]] is the infection of humans by any of species of [[roundworm]], including species specific to dogs (''[[Toxocara canis]])'' or cats (''[[Toxocara cati]]''). [[Cryptosporidiosis]] can be spread to humans from pet lizards, such as the [[leopard gecko]]. ''[[Encephalitozoon cuniculi]]'' is a [[microsporidia]]l parasite carried by many mammals, including rabbits, and is an important [[opportunistic infection|opportunistic pathogen]] in people [[immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] by [[HIV/AIDS]], [[organ transplantation]], or [[CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity|CD4+ T-lymphocyte]] deficiency.<ref name=Weese2011>{{cite book | vauthors = Weese JS |title=Companion animal zoonoses |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-0-8138-1964-8 |pages=282–84}}</ref>

Pets may also serve as a reservoir of viral disease and contribute to the chronic presence of certain viral diseases in the human population. For instance, approximately 20% of domestic dogs, cats, and horses carry anti-hepatitis E virus [[antibodies]] and thus these animals probably contribute to human hepatitis E burden as well.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Li Y, Qu C, Spee B, Zhang R, Penning LC, de Man RA, Peppelenbosch MP, Fieten H, Pan Q | display-authors = 6 | title = Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in pets in the Netherlands and the permissiveness of canine liver cells to the infection | journal = Irish Veterinary Journal | volume = 73 | page = 6 | year = 2020 | pmid = 32266057 | pmc = 7119158 | doi = 10.1186/s13620-020-00158-y | doi-access = free }}</ref> For non-vulnerable populations (e.g., people who are not immunocompromised) the associated disease burden is, however, small.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hepatitis E |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zahmanova |first1=Gergana |last2=Takova |first2=Katerina |last3=Tonova |first3=Valeria |last4=Koynarski |first4=Tsvetoslav |last5=Lukov |first5=Laura L. |last6=Minkov |first6=Ivan |last7=Pishmisheva |first7=Maria |last8=Kotsev |first8=Stanislav |last9=Tsachev |first9=Ilia |last10=Baymakova |first10=Magdalena |last11=Andonov |first11=Anton P. |date=2023-07-16 |title=The Re-Emergence of Hepatitis E Virus in Europe and Vaccine Development |journal=Viruses |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=1558 |doi=10.3390/v15071558 |doi-access=free |issn=1999-4915|pmc=10383931 }}</ref> Furthermore, the trade of non domestic animals such as wild animals as pets can also increase the risk of zoonosis spread.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=D'Cruze |first1=Neil |last2=Green |first2=Jennah |last3=Elwin |first3=Angie |last4=Schmidt-Burbach |first4=Jan |date=December 2020 |title=Trading Tactics: Time to Rethink the Global Trade in Wildlife |journal=Animals |language=en |volume=10 |issue=12 |page=2456 |doi=10.3390/ani10122456 |doi-access=free |pmid=33371486 |pmc=7767496 |issn=2076-2615}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Aguirre |first1=A. Alonso |last2=Catherina |first2=Richard |last3=Frye |first3=Hailey |last4=Shelley |first4=Louise |date=September 2020 |title=Illicit Wildlife Trade, Wet Markets, and COVID-19: Preventing Future Pandemics |journal=World Medical & Health Policy |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=256–265 |doi=10.1002/wmh3.348 |issn=1948-4682 |pmc=7362142 |pmid=32837772}}</ref>