Editing Yunnan (section)

=== Ming and Qing dynasties ===
The Ming installed [[Mu Ying]] and his family as hereditary aristocrats in Yunnan.

[[File:Attack on the rebel nest Beiqing and Balin.jpg|thumb|A scene of the Qing campaign against the [[Miao people]] in 1795.]]
During the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] dynasties, large areas of Yunnan were administered under the [[native chieftain system]]. Under the Qing dynasty a [[Sino-Burmese War (1765–1769)|war with Burma]] also occurred in the 1760s due to the attempted consolidation of borderlands under local chiefs by both China and Burma.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

Yunnan was a destination for Han Chinese during Yuan rule.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Paul Jakov |editor2-last=von Glahn |editor2-first=Richard |last=Dardess |first=John W. |date=2003 |title=The Song –Yuan-Ming Transition in Chinese History |chapter=Chapter 3: Did the Mongols Matter? Territory, Power, and the Intelligentsia in China from the Northern Song to the Early Ming |chapter-url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/13656/Dardess%20Mongols.pdf?sequence=1 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Harvard University Asia Center |page=111 |isbn=9780674010963 |access-date=2016-07-11 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816183525/https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/13656/Dardess%20Mongols.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Migrants moved into the area during Ming and Qing rule.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=James |date=1982 |title=The legacy of immigration in Southwest China, 1250–1850 |journal=Annales de démographie historique |volume=1982 |number=1 |pages=279–304 |doi=10.3406/adh.1982.1543 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/adh_0066-2062_1982_num_1982_1_1543 }}</ref> During the Ming dynasty, 3 million Han Chinese mostly from [[Nanjing]] (the original Nanjing population was later largely replaced by Wu-speakers), and some from Shanxi and Hebei, settled in Yunnan.

Although largely forgotten, the bloody [[Panthay Rebellion]] of the [[Islam in China|Muslim]] [[Hui people]] and other local minorities against the [[Manchus|Manchu]] rulers of the [[Qing dynasty]] caused the deaths of up to a million people in Yunnan.<ref name=chineseciv>{{cite book | last=Gernet | first= Jacques | author-link= Jacques Gernet| title=A History of Chinese Civilization| volume=2|place =New York | publisher =Cambridge University Press| date= 1996| isbn= 0-521-49712-4}}</ref> The Manchu official Shuxing'a started an anti-Muslim massacre, which led to the rebellion. Shuxing'a developed a deep hatred of Muslims after an incident in which he was stripped naked and nearly lynched by a mob of Muslims. He ordered several Muslim rebels to be [[Lingchi|slowly sliced to death]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Atwill |first1=David G. |title=The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856–1873 |date=2005 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=0804751595 |page=89 |edition=illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Da2M_viEclEC&pg=PA89 |access-date=2019-05-10 |archive-date=2019-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224132210/https://books.google.com/books?id=Da2M_viEclEC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Wellman |editor1-first=James K. Jr. |title=Belief and Bloodshed: Religion and Violence across Time and Tradition |date=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield  |isbn=978-0742571341 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfweAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=2019-05-10 |archive-date=2019-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228011704/https://books.google.com/books?id=CfweAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tariq Ali]] wrote about the real incident in one of his novels and claimed the Muslims who had nearly lynched Shuxing'a were not Hui but belonged to another ethnicity. Nevertheless, the Manchu official blamed all Muslims for the incident.<ref>{{multiref2|{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Tariq | author-link= Tariq Ali|title=The Islam Quintet: Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree, The Book of Saladin, The Stone Woman, A Sultan in Palermo, and Night of the Golden Butterfly |date=2014 |publisher=Open Road Media |isbn=978-1480448582 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iS8XAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1637 |access-date=2019-05-10 |archive-date=2020-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809102205/https://books.google.com/books?id=iS8XAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1637 |url-status=live }}|{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Tariq |title=Night of the Golden Butterfly (Vol. 5) (The Islam Quintet) |date=2010 |publisher=Verso Books |isbn=978-1844676118 |page=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2NUmoF9KvjQC&pg=PA90 |access-date=2019-05-10 |archive-date=2020-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613052253/https://books.google.com/books?id=2NUmoF9KvjQC&pg=PA90 |url-status=live }}}}</ref> A British officer testified that the Muslims did not rebel for religious reasons and that the Chinese were tolerant of different religions and were unlikely to have caused the revolt by interfering with the practice of Islam.<ref name="fytche_301">{{harvnb|Fytche|1878|p=301}}</ref> Loyalist Muslim forces helped Qing forces crush the rebel Muslims. The Qing armies massacred only Muslims who had rebelled or supported the rebels and spared Muslims who took no part in the uprising.<ref name="dillon_77">{{harvnb|Dillon|1999|p=77}}</ref>

In 1894, [[George Ernest Morrison]], an [[Australia]]n correspondent for ''[[The Times]]'', traveled from [[Beijing]] to British-occupied [[Burma]] via Yunnan. His book, ''An Australian in China'',<ref>G. E. Morrison, [http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks05/0500681h.html ''An Australian in China''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230224023/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks05/0500681h.html |date=2016-12-30 }}, 1895</ref> details his experiences.

[[File:Kunming Street 4.jpg|thumb|left|Kunming Street]]
The [[1905 Tibetan Rebellion]] in which Tibetan Buddhist Lamas attacked and killed French Catholic missionaries spread to Yunnan.