Editing Xenu (section)

== Commentary ==
Writing in the book ''[[Scientology (James R. Lewis book)|Scientology]]'' published by [[Oxford University Press]], contributor [[Mikael Rothstein]] observes that, "To my knowledge no real analysis of Scientology's Xenu myth has appeared in scholarly publications. The most sober and enlightening text about the Xenu myth is probably the article on Wikipedia (English version) and, even if brief, Andreas Grünschloss's piece on Scientology in Lewis (2000: 266–268)."<ref name="rothstein" /> Rothstein places the Xenu text by L. Ron Hubbard within the context of a [[creation myth]] within the Scientology methodology, and characterizes it as "one of Scientology's more important religious narratives, the text that apparently constitutes the basic (sometimes implicit) mythology of the movement, the ''Xenu myth'', which is basically a story of the origin of man on Earth and the human condition."<ref name="rothstein">{{Cite book | last=Rothstein | first=Mikael | editor-last =[[James R. Lewis (scholar)|Lewis, James R.]] | contribution ='His name was Xenu. He used renegades&nbsp;...': Aspects of Scientology's Founding Myth | title =Scientology (James R. Lewis book) | publisher =[[Oxford University Press, USA]] | year =2009  | pages=365, 367, 371 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtW90YkkB3gC&pg=PA365 | isbn =978-0-19-533149-3  }}

</ref> Rothstein describes the phenomenon within a belief system inspired by science fiction, and notes that the "myth about Xenu,&nbsp;... in the shape of a science fiction-inspired anthropogony, ''explains'' the basic Scientological claims about the human condition."<ref name="rothstein" />

[[Andreas Grünschloß]] analyzes the Xenu text in ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements'', within the context of a discussion on [[UFO religion]]s.<ref name="OxfordHandbook" /> He characterizes the text as "Scientology's secret mythology (contained especially in the OT III teachings)".<ref name="OxfordHandbook" /> Grünschloß points out that L. Ron Hubbard, "also wrote a science fiction story called ''Revolt in the Stars'', where he displays this otherwise arcane story about the ancient ruler Xenu in the form of an ordinary science fiction novel".<ref name="OxfordHandbook" /> Grünschloß posits, "because of the connections between several motifs in Hubbard's novels and specific Scientology teachings, one might perceive Scientology as one of the rare instances where science fiction (or fantasy literature generally) is related to the successful formation of a new spiritual movement."<ref name="OxfordHandbook" /> Comparing the fusion between the two genres of Hubbard's science fiction writing and Scientology creation myth, Grünschloß writes, "Although the science fiction novels are of a different genre than other 'techno-logical' disclosures of Hubbard, they are highly appreciated by participants, and Hubbard's literary output in this realm (including the latest movie, ''Battlefield Earth'') is also well promoted by the organization."<ref name="OxfordHandbook" /> Writing in the book ''UFO Religions'' edited by [[Christopher Partridge]], Grünschloß observes, "the enthusiasm for ufology and science fiction was cultivated in the formative phase of Scientology. Indeed, even the highly arcane story of the intergalactic ruler Xenu&nbsp;... is related by Hubbard in the style of a simple science fiction novel".<ref name="partridge187">{{Harvnb|Partridge|2003|pp=187–188}}</ref>

Several authors have pointed out structural similarities between the Xenu story and the mythology of [[gnosticism]]. James A. Herrick, writing about the Xenu text in ''The Making of the New Spirituality: The Eclipse of the Western Religious Tradition'', notes that "Hubbard's gnostic leanings are evident in his account of human origins&nbsp;... In Hubbard, ideas first expressed in science fiction are seamlessly transformed into a worldwide religion with affinities to gnosticism."<ref name="Herrick2004">{{cite book|author=James A. Herrick|title=The Making of the New Spirituality: The Eclipse of the Western Religious Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzbobUhvpf4C&pg=PA199|access-date=January 24, 2011|date=December 2004|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-3279-8|page=199}}</ref> Mary Farrell Bednarowski, writing in ''America's Alternative Religions'', similarly states that the outline of the Xenu mythology is "not totally unfamiliar to the historian acquainted with ancient gnosticism", noting that many other religious traditions have the practice of reserving certain texts to high-level initiates.<ref name="Miller1995" /> Nevertheless, she writes, the Xenu story arouses suspicion in the public about Scientology and adds fuel to "the claims that Hubbard's system is the product of his creativity as a science fiction writer rather than a theologian."<ref name="Miller1995">{{cite book|author=Mary Farrell Bednarowski|editor=Timothy Miller|title=America's Alternative Religions|chapter=The Church of Scientology: Lightning Rod for Cultural Boundary Conflicts|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3Mt7QlXrRwC&pg=PA389|access-date=January 24, 2011|year=1995|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-2398-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill/page/389 389]|url=https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill/page/389}}</ref>

Authors Michael McDowell and Nathan Robert Brown discuss misconceptions about the Xenu text in their book ''World Religions at Your Fingertips'', and observe, "Probably the most controversial, misunderstood, and frequently misrepresented part of the Scientology religion has to do with a Scientology myth commonly referred to as the Legend of Xenu. While this story has now been undoubtedly proven a part of the religion (despite the fact that church representatives often deny its existence), the story's true role in Scientology is often misrepresented by its critics as proof that they 'believe in alien parasites.' While the story may indeed seem odd, this is simply not the case."<ref name="michaelmcdowell">{{cite book| last =McDowell  | first =  Michael |author2=Nathan Robert Brown | title = World Religions at Your Fingertips | publisher =Alpha  | year =2009  | page = 271  | isbn = 978-1-59257-846-7}}</ref> The authors write that "The story is actually meant to be a working myth, illustrating the Scientology belief that humans were at one time spiritual beings, existing on infinite levels of intergalactic and interdimensional realities. At some point, the beings that we once were became trapped in physical reality (where we remain to this day). This is supposed to be the underlying message of the Xenu story, not that humans are "possessed by aliens".<ref name="michaelmcdowell" /> McDowell and Brown conclude that these inappropriate misconceptions about the Xenu text have had a negative impact, "Such harsh statements are the reason many Scientologists now become passionately offended at even the mention of Xenu by nonmembers."<ref name="michaelmcdowell" />

The [[free speech]] lawyer [[Mike Godwin]] analyzes actions by the Scientology organization to protect and keep secret the Xenu text, within a discussion in his book ''[[Cyber Rights]]'' about the application of [[trade secret]] law on the Internet.<ref name="mikegodwin">{{cite book | last = Godwin | first = Mike | author-link =Mike Godwin  | year = 2003 | title = Cyber Rights: Defending Free Speech in the Digital Age | publisher = MIT Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cyberrightsdefen00godw_145/page/n241 217]–218 | isbn = 0-262-57168-4| title-link = Cyber Rights: Defending Free Speech in the Digital Age }}</ref> Godwin explains, "trade secret law protects the information itself, not merely its particular expression. Trade secret law, unlike copyright, can protect ideas and facts directly."<ref name="mikegodwin" /> He puts forth the question, "But did the material really qualify as 'trade secrets'? Among the material the church has been trying to suppress is what might be called a 'genesis myth of Scientology': a story about a galactic despot named Xenu who decided 75 million years ago to kill a bunch of people by chaining them to volcanoes and dropping nuclear bombs on them."<ref name="mikegodwin" /> Godwin asks, "Does a 'church' normally have 'competitors' in the trade secret sense? If the Catholics got hold of the full facts about Xenu, does this mean they'll get more market share?"<ref name="mikegodwin" /> He comments on the ability of the Scientology organization to utilize such laws in order to contain its secret texts, "It seems likely, given what we know about the case now, that even a combination of copyright and trade secret law wouldn't accomplish what the church would like to accomplish: the total suppression of any dissemination of church documents or doctrines."<ref name="mikegodwin" /> The author concludes, "But the fact that the church was unlikely to gain any complete legal victories in its cases didn't mean that they wouldn't litigate. It's indisputable that the [[Strategic lawsuit against public participation|mere threat of litigation, or the costs of actual litigation]], may accomplish what the legal theories alone do not: the effective silencing of many critics of the church."<ref name="mikegodwin" />