Editing Xenophobia (section)

==== Canada ====
{{main|Racism in Canada}}{{See also|Anti-Quebec sentiment}}
[[Islam in Canada|Muslim]] and [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh Canadians]] have faced racism and discrimination in recent years, especially since the 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S. and the spillover effect of the United States' [[War on Terror]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/09/11/911-muslim-women-discrimination_n_957305.html |title=9/11: Women In The Fight Against Discrimination |website=HuffPost |date=11 September 2011 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">Heribert Adam, and Kogila Moodley, eds. ''Imagined liberation: Xenophobia, citizenship and identity in South Africa, Germany and Canada'' (African Sun Media, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SGb6AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 online]</ref> An increase in hate crimes targeting [[Ontario]] Muslims was reported after [[ISIS]] took responsibility for the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2015 |title=6 anti-Muslim incidents in Ontario since Paris attacks |publisher=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/hate-crimes-ontario-paris-attacks-1.3328660 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220508034817/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/hate-crimes-ontario-paris-attacks-1.3328660 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 }}</ref>

A 2016 survey from The Environics Institute, which was a follow-up to a study conducted 10 years prior, found that there may be discriminating attitudes that may be a residual of the effects of the [[September 11 attacks|11 September 2001 attacks]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Environics Institute: Survey of Muslims in Canada |url=http://www.environicsinstitute.org/uploads/institute-projects/survey%20of%20muslims%20in%20canada%202016%20-%20final%20report.pdf |publisher=The Environics Institute |access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref> A poll in 2009 by ''[[Maclean's]]'' revealed that 28% of Canadians viewed [[Islam]] favourably, and 30% viewed the Sikh religion favourably. 45% of respondents believed Islam encourages violence. In [[Quebec]] in particular, only 17% of respondents had a favourable view of Islam.<ref name="macleans.ca">{{cite web |last=Geddes |first=John |title=What Canadians think of Sikhs, Jews, Christians, Muslims . . . |website=Maclean's |date=28 April 2009 |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/what-canadians-think-of-sikhs-jews-christians-muslims/ |access-date=11 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612152407/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/what-canadians-think-of-sikhs-jews-christians-muslims/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>