Editing Wrocław (section)

=== 1945–present ===
[[File:WrocLovek (WrocLover) Wroclaw dwarf 01.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Wrocław's dwarfs|Wrocław dwarf]]]]
The city's German inhabitants who had not fled, or who had returned to their home city after the war had ended, [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|were expelled]] between 1945 and 1949 in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement and were settled in the [[Soviet occupation zone]] or in the [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied Occupation Zones]] in the remainder of Germany. The city's last pre-war German school was closed in 1963.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jankowiak |first=Stanisław |date=2005 |title=Wysiedlenie i emigracja ludności niemieckiej w polityce władz polskich w latach 1945–1970 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6oWAQAAIAAJ&q=szko%C5%82a%20niemiecka%20zamkni%C4%99ta%201963%20wroc%C5%82aw |location=Poland |language=pl |publisher=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |page=76 |isbn=9788389078803 |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422024414/https://books.google.com/books?id=H6oWAQAAIAAJ&q=szko%C5%82a%20niemiecka%20zamkni%C4%99ta%201963%20wroc%C5%82aw |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Polish population was dramatically increased by the resettlement of Poles, partly due to postwar [[Polish population transfers (1944–1946)|population transfers]] during the forced [[deportation]]s from [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union]] in [[Kresy|the east]] region, some of whom came from [[Lviv]] (''Lwów''), [[Volhynia]], and the [[Vilnius Region]]. However, despite the prime role given to re-settlers from the [[Kresy]], in 1949, only 20% of the new Polish population actually were refugees themselves.<ref>{{cite book|title=Deutsche und polnische Vertriebene: Gesellschaft und Vertriebenenpolitik in der SBZ/DDR und in Polen 1945–1956|author=Philipp Ther|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|year= 1998|page=134}}</ref> A small German minority (about 1,000 people, or 2% of the population) remains in the city, so that today the proportion of the Polish population compared to that of the Germans is the reverse of what it was a hundred years ago.<ref name="ntkswroclaw" /> Traces of the German past, such as inscriptions and signs, were removed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://literaturkritik.de/id/20622|title=Breslau wird Wrocław – Über die Wandlung(en) eines Stadtnamens : literaturkritik.de|first=Von Marek|last=Zybura|website=literaturkritik.de|access-date=26 April 2019|archive-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426192322/https://literaturkritik.de/id/20622|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1948, Wrocław organized the [[Recovered Territories]] Exhibition and the [[World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace]]. [[Picasso]]'s lithograph, ''La Colombe'' (The Dove), a traditional, realistic picture of a pigeon, without an olive branch, was created on a napkin at the [[Monopol Hotel]] in Wrocław during the [[World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Błądek |first1=Zenon |last2=Tulibacki |first2=Tadeusz |date=2003 |title=Dzieje krajowego hotelarstwa od zajazdu do współczesności |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5QgAQAAIAAJ&q=hotel%20monopol%20kongres%20%C5%9Bwiatowy |location=Poland |language=pl |publisher=ALBUS |page=117 |isbn=9788389284020 |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422082354/https://books.google.com/books?id=U5QgAQAAIAAJ&q=hotel%20monopol%20kongres%20%C5%9Bwiatowy |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1963, Wrocław was declared a [[closed city]] because of [[1963 smallpox epidemic in Wrocław|a smallpox epidemic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crazynauka.pl/epidemia-ospy-prawdziwej-we-wroclawiu-dzis-mija-55-lat/|title=Epidemia ospy prawdziwej we Wrocławiu – dziś mija 55 lat|first=Piotr|last=Stanisławski|date=17 July 2018|website=Crazy Nauka|access-date=30 November 2020|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203214151/https://www.crazynauka.pl/epidemia-ospy-prawdziwej-we-wroclawiu-dzis-mija-55-lat/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Dewiza-SW.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Fighting Solidarity]] logo]]

In 1982, during [[martial law in Poland]], the [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] underground organizations [[Fighting Solidarity]] and [[Orange Alternative]] were founded in Wrocław. [[Wrocław's dwarfs|Wrocław's dwarves]], made of bronze, famously grew out of and commemorate Orange Alternative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipn.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/80184,Uroczystosc-wreczenia-Krzyzy-Wolnosci-i-Solidarnosci-we-Wroclawiu-30-pazdziernik.html|title=Uroczystość wręczenia "Krzyży Wolności i Solidarności" we Wrocławiu – 30 października 2019|first=Instytut Pamięci|last=Narodowej|website=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej|access-date=30 November 2020|archive-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409111602/https://ipn.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/80184,Uroczystosc-wreczenia-Krzyzy-Wolnosci-i-Solidarnosci-we-Wroclawiu-30-pazdziernik.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1983 and 1997, [[Pope John Paul II]] visited the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gazetawroclawska.pl/zobacz-unikatowe-zdjecia-papieza-jana-pawla-ii-z-pielgrzymek-do-wroclawia-w-1983-i-1997-roku-zdjecia/ar/13601406 |title=Zobacz unikatowe zdjęcia papieża Jana Pawła II z pielgrzymek do Wrocławia w 1983 i 1997 roku |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=19 October 2018 |website=Gazeta Wrocławska |publisher=Polska Press, Wrocław |access-date=16 December 2020 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409111602/https://gazetawroclawska.pl/zobacz-unikatowe-zdjecia-papieza-jana-pawla-ii-z-pielgrzymek-do-wroclawia-w-1983-i-1997-roku-zdjecia/ar/13601406 |url-status=live }}</ref>

PTV Echo, the first non-state television station in Poland and in the post-communist countries, began to broadcast in Wrocław on 6 February 1990.<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yAiAQAAIAAJ&q=ptv%20echo%201990%20wroc%C5%82aw |title=Kalendarz Wrocławski |volume=35–36 |page=136 |publisher=Prasa |access-date=16 December 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512054925/https://books.google.com/books?id=1yAiAQAAIAAJ&q=ptv%20echo%201990%20wroc%C5%82aw |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 1997, Wrocław hosted the 46th International [[Eucharistic Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pwt.wroc.pl/index.php/81-linki/117-46-kongres-eucharystyczny |title=46. KONGRES EUCHARYSTYCZNY |website=Papieski Wydział Teologiczny we Wrocławiu (PWT) |language=pl |access-date=16 December 2020 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409111603/http://www.pwt.wroc.pl/index.php/81-linki/117-46-kongres-eucharystyczny |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In July 1997, the city was heavily affected by the [[1997 Central European flood|Millennium Flood]], the worst flooding in post-war Poland, Germany, and the [[Czech Republic]]. About one-third of the area of the city was flooded.<ref name="1997FloodPhoto" /> The smaller [[Widawa|Widawa River]] also flooded the city simultaneously, worsening the damage. An earlier, equally devastating flood of the Oder river had taken place in 1903.<ref name="1903FloodPhoto" />
A small part of the city was also flooded during the [[2010 Central European floods|flood of 2010]]. From 2012 to 2015, the [[:pl:Wrocławski węzeł wodny|Wrocław water node]] was renovated and redeveloped to prevent further flooding.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wroclaw.wody.gov.pl/aktualnosci/798-rejs-nowych-lodolamaczy-wod-polskich-przez-wroclawski-wezel-wodny |title=Rejs nowych lodołamaczy Wód Polskich przez Wrocławski Węzeł Wodny |date=1 June 2020 |website=Regionalny Zarząd Gospodarki Wodnej we Wrocławiu |publisher=Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne-Wody Polskie |language=pl |access-date=16 December 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122154325/https://wroclaw.wody.gov.pl/aktualnosci/798-rejs-nowych-lodolamaczy-wod-polskich-przez-wroclawski-wezel-wodny |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Municipal Stadium (Wrocław)|Municipal Stadium]] in Wrocław, opened in 2011, hosted three matches in Group A of the [[UEFA Euro 2012]] championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sport.pl/euro/1,154862,10745644,Grupa_marzen_na_Euro_2012__zobacz_typy_znanych_osob.html |title=Grupa marzeń na Euro 2012: zobacz typy znanych osób |last=Łuciów |first=Dariusz |date=1 December 2011 |website=Sport.pl |language=pl |access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref>

In 2016, Wrocław was declared the [[European Capital of Culture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wroclaw.pl/rok-z-europejska-stolica-kultury-wroclaw-2016-podsumowanie|title=Rok z Europejską Stolicą Kultury Wrocław 2016 [PODSUMOWANIE]|first=Agnieszka|last=Kołodyńska|website=www.wroclaw.pl|access-date=30 November 2020|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210150941/https://www.wroclaw.pl/rok-z-europejska-stolica-kultury-wroclaw-2016-podsumowanie|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, Wrocław hosted the [[2017 World Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azs.upwr.edu.pl/the-world-games-2017-10-swiatowe-igrzyska-sportowe-podbily-wroclaw/|title=The World Games 2017– 10 Światowe Igrzyska Sportowe podbiły Wrocław! – AZS Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu|first=Janek|last=Ciesielski|access-date=30 November 2020|archive-date=21 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121090919/http://www.azs.upwr.edu.pl/the-world-games-2017-10-swiatowe-igrzyska-sportowe-podbily-wroclaw/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Wrocław won the ''European Best Destination'' title in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wroclaw.pl/portal/wroclaw-z-tytulem-european-best-destination-2018|title=Wrocław z tytułem European Best Destination 2018! – www.wroclaw.pl|access-date=14 May 2018|archive-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063622/https://www.wroclaw.pl/portal/wroclaw-z-tytulem-european-best-destination-2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Wrocław is now a unique European city of mixed heritage, with architecture influenced by Polish, [[Bohemia]]n, [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian]], and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] traditions, such as Silesian [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] and its [[Baroque]] style of court builders of Habsburg Austria ([[Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach|Fischer von Erlach]]). Wrocław has a number of notable buildings by German [[modernism|modernist]] architects including the famous [[Hala Stulecia (Wrocław)|Centennial Hall]] (1911–1913) designed by [[Max Berg]].