Editing World Chess Championship (section)

====Financing====
Before [[World Chess Championship 1948|1948]] world championship matches were financed by arrangements similar to those [[Emanuel Lasker]] described for his [[World Chess Championship 1894|1894 match]] with [[Wilhelm Steinitz]]: either the challenger or both players, with the assistance of financial backers, would contribute to a [[Purse distribution|purse]]; about half would be distributed to the winner's backers, and the winner would receive the larger share of the remainder (the loser's backers got nothing). The players had to meet their own travel, accommodation, food and other expenses out of their shares of the purse.<ref name="Lasker1984MatchFinancing">{{cite journal | journal=[[Lasker's Chess Magazine]] | volume=1 | title=From the Editorial Chair | date=January 1905 | url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lasker's_Chess_Magazine/Volume_1 | access-date=7 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216145306/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lasker's_Chess_Magazine/Volume_1 | archive-date=16 December 2008 | url-status=live }}</ref> This system evolved out of the wagering of small stakes on club games in the early 19th century.<ref name="BirdReminiscencesStakes" />

Up to and including the 1894 Steinitz–Lasker match, both players, with their backers, generally contributed equally to the purse, following the custom of important matches in the 19th century before there was a generally recognized world champion. For example: the stakes were £100 a side in both the second [[Howard Staunton|Staunton]] vs [[Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant|Saint-Amant]] match (Paris, 1843) and the [[Adolf Anderssen|Anderssen]] vs [[Wilhelm Steinitz|Steinitz]] match (London, 1866); Steinitz and [[Johannes Zukertort|Zukertort]] played their [[World Chess Championship 1886|1886 match]] for £400 a side.<ref name="BirdReminiscencesStakes">Section "Stakes at Chess" in {{cite book | title=Chess History And Reminiscences | author=Henry Edward Bird | publisher=Kessinger | orig-year=1893 | year=2004 | isbn=1-4191-1280-5 | url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chess_History_and_Reminiscences | access-date=7 June 2008 | author-link=Henry Bird (chess player) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628164838/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chess_History_and_Reminiscences | archive-date=28 June 2008 | url-status=live }}</ref> Lasker introduced the practice of demanding that the challenger should provide the whole of the purse,{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} and his successors followed his example up to World War II. This requirement made arranging world championship matches more difficult, for example: [[Frank James Marshall|Marshall]] challenged Lasker in 1904 but could not raise the money until 1907;<ref name="dcsStAndrewsLaskerBio">{{cite web | url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lasker.html | title=Lasker biography | access-date=31 May 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206104907/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lasker.html | archive-date=6 December 2007 | url-status=live }}</ref> in 1911 Lasker and [[Akiba Rubinstein|Rubinstein]] agreed in principle to a world championship match, but this was never played as Rubinstein could not raise the money.<ref name="Horowitz1973MorphyToFischer">{{cite book | title=From Morphy to Fischer | author=Horowitz, I.A. | publisher=Batsford | year=1973 | author-link=Israel Horowitz }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Classical Chess Matches, 1907–1913 |author=Wilson, F. |year=1975 |publisher=Dover |isbn=0-486-23145-3 |url=http://members.aol.com/graemecree/chesschamps/world/world1910.htm |access-date=30 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050120165609/http://members.aol.com/graemecree/chesschamps/world/world1910.htm |archive-date=20 January 2005 }}</ref> In the early 1920s, [[Alexander Alekhine|Alekhine]], Rubinstein and [[Aron Nimzowitsch|Nimzowitsch]] all challenged [[José Raúl Capablanca|Capablanca]], but only Alekhine was able to raise the US$10,000 that Capablanca demanded, and not until 1927.<ref name="chessmaniacCapablancaOnlineTribute">{{cite web
 | title=Jose Raul Capablanca: Online Chess Tribute
 | url=http://www.chessmaniac.com/2007/06/jose-raul-capablanca-online-chess.php
 | date=28 June 2007
| publisher=chessmaniac.com
 | access-date=20 May 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513151615/http://www.chessmaniac.com/2007/06/jose-raul-capablanca-online-chess.php
 | archive-date=13 May 2008
| url-status=live
 }}</ref><ref name="chessgamesNewYork1924">{{cite web
 | title=New York 1924
 | url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1007158
 | publisher=chessgames
 | access-date=20 May 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110174845/http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1007158
 | archive-date=10 January 2009
| url-status=live
 }}</ref>