Editing White supremacy (section)

=====Role of the Internet=====
With the emergence of Twitter in 2006, and platforms such as ''[[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]]'', which was launched in 1996, an [[alt-right]] portal for white supremacists with similar beliefs, both adults and children, was provided in which they were given a way to connect. Jessie Daniels, of [[Hunter College|CUNY-Hunter College]], discussed the emergence of other social media outlets such as [[4chan]] and [[Reddit]], which meant that the "spread of white nationalist symbols and ideas could be accelerated and amplified."<ref name=":6" /> Sociologist [[Kathleen Blee]] notes that the anonymity which the Internet provides can make it difficult to track the extent of white-supremacist activity in the country, but nevertheless she and other experts<ref>[https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/8/6/20754828/el-paso-shooting-white-supremacy-rise ''The El Paso shooting isn't an anomaly. It's American history repeating itself. Why white supremacist violence is rising today — and how it echoes some of the darkest moments of our past'', by Zack Beauchamp, Vox, Aug 6, 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806200234/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/8/6/20754828/el-paso-shooting-white-supremacy-rise |date=August 6, 2019 }}.</ref> see an increase in the number of [[hate crime]]s and amount of white-supremacist violence. In the latest wave of white supremacy, in the age of the Internet, Blee sees the movement as having become primarily a virtual one, in which divisions between groups become blurred: "[A]ll these various groups that get jumbled together as the alt-right and people who have come in from the more traditional neo-Nazi world. We're in a very different world now."<ref>Chow, Kat (December 8, 2018) [https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/12/08/671999530/what-the-ebbs-and-flows-of-the-kkk-can-tell-us-about-white-supremacy-today "What The Ebbs And Flows Of The KKK Can Tell Us About White Supremacy Today"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209082216/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/12/08/671999530/what-the-ebbs-and-flows-of-the-kkk-can-tell-us-about-white-supremacy-today |date=December 9, 2018 }} [[NPR]]</ref>

[[David Duke]], a former [[Grand Wizard]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], wrote in 1999 that the Internet was going to create a "chain reaction of racial enlightenment that will shake the world."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beckett |first=Lois |date=2020-07-31 |title=Twitter bans white supremacist David Duke after 11 years |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/31/david-duke-twitter-ban-white-supremacist |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419004458/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/31/david-duke-twitter-ban-white-supremacist |url-status=live }}</ref> Daniels documents that racist groups see the Internet as a way to spread their ideologies, influence others and gain supporters.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Daniel|first=Jessie|url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1371&context=hc_pubs|title=Twitter and White Supremacy: A Love Story|date=October 19, 2017|website=[[CUNY]] Academic Works|access-date=December 9, 2018|archive-date=April 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406235839/https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1371&context=hc_pubs|url-status=live}}</ref> Legal scholar [[Richard Hasen]] describes a "dark side" of social media:

<blockquote>There certainly were [[hate group]]s before the Internet and social media. [But with social media] it just becomes easier to organize, to spread the word, for people to know where to go. It could be to raise money, or it could be to engage in attacks on social media. Some of the activity is virtual. Some of it is in a physical place. Social media has lowered the collective-action problems that individuals who might want to be in a hate group would face. You can see that there are people out there like you. That's the dark side of social media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psmag.com/social-justice/how-social-media-helped-organize-and-radicalize-americas-newest-white-supremacists|title=How Social Media Helped Organize and Radicalize America's White Supremacists|last=Diep|first=Francie|website=[[Pacific Standard]]|date=August 15, 2017|access-date=December 9, 2018|archive-date=December 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209101613/https://psmag.com/social-justice/how-social-media-helped-organize-and-radicalize-americas-newest-white-supremacists|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

A series on YouTube hosted by the grandson of [[Thomas Robb (Ku Klux Klan)|Thomas Robb]], the national director of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, "presents the Klan's ideology in a format aimed at kids — more specifically, white kids."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/02/the-andrew-show-racist-andrew-pendergraft_n_3536486.html|title='The Andrew Show,' Hosted By Pint-Sized Andrew Pendergraft, Markets Klan's Racist Message To Kids|last=Bennett-Smith|first=Meredith|date=July 2, 2013|newspaper=[[Huffington Post]]|access-date=December 9, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327172825/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/02/the-andrew-show-racist-andrew-pendergraft_n_3536486.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The short episodes [[Persuasion|inveigh]] against race-mixing, and extol other white-supremacist ideologies. A short documentary published by [[Turkish Radio and Television Corporation|TRT]] describes Imran Garda's experience, a journalist of Indian descent, who met with Thomas Robb and a traditional KKK group. A sign that greets people who enter the town states "[[White genocide conspiracy theory|Diversity is a code for white genocide]]." The KKK group interviewed in the documentary summarizes its ideals, principles, and beliefs, which are emblematic of white supremacists in the United States. The comic book [[super hero]] [[Captain America]] was used for [[dog whistle politics]] by the alt-right in college campus recruitment in 2017, an ironic co-opting because Captain America battled against Nazis in the comics, and was created by Jewish cartoonists.<ref name="2016 Usage as a racist symbol">{{Cite web |url=http://m.boiseweekly.com/boise/fliers-for-nationalist-organization-appear-at-boise-state/Content?oid=3969556 |title=Fliers For Nationalist Organization Appear at Boise State |last=Harrison |first=Berry |date=January 25, 2017 |publisher=Boise Weekly |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404073854/https://m.boiseweekly.com/boise/fliers-for-nationalist-organization-appear-at-boise-state/Content?oid=3969556 |archive-date=April 4, 2019  }}</ref><ref name="Ties to 2016 presidential election.">{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/education/boise-state-university/article128742204.html |title=BSU nationalist group delays 1st meeting after online pushback, media reports |last=Blanchard |first=Nicole |date=January 26, 2017 |newspaper=Idaho Statesman |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-date=February 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220161209/https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/education/boise-state-university/article128742204.html |url-status=live }}</ref>