Editing Wart (section)

===Procedures===
[[Image:Liquid nitrogen spray tank.jpg|thumb|[[Liquid nitrogen]] spray tank]]
* [[Treatment of warts by keratolysis|Keratolysis]], of dead surface [[skin cells]] usually using [[salicylic acid]], [[blistering agent]]s, immune system modifiers ("[[immunomodulators]]"), or [[formaldehyde]], often with mechanical paring of the wart with a [[pumice stone]], blade etc.<ref>[http://dermatology.about.com/cs/warts/a/warts.htm Warts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517063828/http://dermatology.about.com/cs/warts/a/warts.htm |date=17 May 2008 }} at [[About.com]]</ref>
* [[Electrodesiccation and curettage|Electrodesiccation]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stone KM, Becker TM, Hadgu A, Kraus SJ |year=1990 |title=Treatment of external genital warts: A randomized clinical trial comparing podophyllin, cryotherapy, and electrodesiccation |journal=[[Genitourinary Medicine]] |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=16–19 |doi=10.1136/sti.66.1.16 |pmc=1194434 |pmid=2179111}}</ref>
* Microwave Treatment<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Solomon |first1=Katie |last2=Yip |first2=Vincent |date=December 2023 |title=The novel treatment of children with viral warts using microwave technology |journal=Skin Health and Disease |language=en |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=e291 |doi=10.1002/ski2.291 |issn=2690-442X |pmc=10690651 |pmid=38047251}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hagon |first1=Wendy |last2=Hagon |first2=Jonathan |last3=Noble |first3=Greer |last4=Brenton-Rule |first4=Angela |last5=Stewart |first5=Sarah |last6=Bristow |first6=Ivan |date=January 2023 |title=Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts |journal=Journal of Foot and Ankle Research |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=37 |doi=10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8 |doi-access=free |issn=1757-1146 |pmc=10268531 |pmid=37322512}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bristow |first1=Ivan Robert |last2=Webb |first2=Christopher |last3=Ardern-Jones |first3=Michael Roger |date=2017-07-27 |title=The Successful Use of a Novel Microwave Device in the Treatment of a Plantar Wart |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/477377 |journal=Case Reports in Dermatology |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=102–107 |doi=10.1159/000477377 |issn=1662-6567 |pmc=5624246 |pmid=29033812}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Aditya K. |last2=Wang |first2=Tong |last3=Cooper |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Conenello |first4=Robert M. |last5=Bristow |first5=Ivan R. |date=October 2023 |title=The treatment of plantar warts using microwave—A review of 85 consecutive cases in the United States |journal=Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=2729–2736 |doi=10.1111/jocd.15802 |pmid=37340590 |issn=1473-2130|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dhinsa |first1=Arpreet |last2=Philip |first2=Gladis |last3=Daknish |first3=Fatima |last4=Amin |first4=Sahil |last5=Vlahovic |first5=Tracey |date=September 2023 |title=42057 Microwave Therapy for Plantar Warts: A Chart Review |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.259 |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=AB64 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.259 |issn=0190-9622}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Royal College of Podiatry |url=https://rcpod.org.uk/common-foot-problems/verrucae |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=College of Podiatry |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Cryosurgery]] or [[cryotherapy]], which involves freezing the wart (generally with [[liquid nitrogen]]),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/cryotherapy-for-warts | title = Cryotherapy for Warts | website = [[WebMD]] | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160709042014/http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/cryotherapy-for-warts | archive-date = 9 July 2016 }}</ref> creating a blister between the wart and [[Epidermis|epidermal]] layer after which the wart and the surrounding dead skin fall off.  An average of three to four treatments are required for warts on thin skin.  Warts on calloused skin like plantar warts might take dozens or more treatments.<ref name="aafp.org">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bacelieri R, Johnson SM |year=2005 |title=Cutaneous warts: An evidence-based approach to therapy |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0815/p647.html |url-status=live |journal=[[American Family Physician]] |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=647–52 |pmid=16127954 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421082525/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0815/p647.html |archive-date=21 April 2014}}</ref>
* Surgical [[curettage]] of the wart
* [[Laser]] treatment – often with a [[pulse dye laser]] or [[Carbon-dioxide laser|carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) laser]].  Pulse dye lasers (wavelength 582&nbsp;nm) work by selective absorption by blood cells (specifically [[hemoglobin]]).  CO<sub>2</sub> lasers work by selective absorption by water molecules.  Pulse dye lasers are less destructive and more likely to heal without scarring.  CO<sub>2</sub> laser works by vaporizing and destroying tissue and skin.  Laser treatments can be painful, expensive (though covered by many insurance plans), and not extensively scarring when used appropriately.  CO<sub>2</sub> lasers will require [[Local anesthetic|local anaesthetic]]. Pulse dye laser treatment does not need [[conscious sedation]] or local anesthetic.  It takes 2 to 4 treatments but can be many more for extreme cases. Typically, 10–14 days are required between treatments. Preventive measures are important.<ref name="aafp.org" />
* [[Infrared]] coagulator – an intense source of infrared light in a small beam like a laser.  This works essentially on the same principle as laser treatment.  It is less expensive.  Like the laser, it can cause blistering, pain and scarring.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Halasz CL | title = Treatment of common warts using the infrared coagulator | journal = The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 252–56 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8163746 | doi=10.1111/j.1524-4725.1994.tb01620.x}}</ref>
* Intralesional [[immunotherapy]] with purified candida, MMR, and [[tuberculin]] (PPD) protein appears safe and effective.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aldahan |first1=AS |last2=Mlacker |first2=S |last3=Shah |first3=VV |last4=Kamath |first4=P |last5=Alsaidan |first5=M |last6=Samarkandy |first6=S |last7=Nouri |first7=K |title=Efficacy of intralesional immunotherapy for the treatment of warts: A review of the literature. |journal=Dermatologic Therapy |date=May 2016 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=197–207 |doi=10.1111/dth.12352 |pmid=26991521|s2cid=40536366 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Salman|first=Samer|title=Intralesional Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Warts: A Network Meta-analysis|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|volume=80|issue=4|pages=922–930.e4|via=Elsevier Science Direct|pmid=30003983|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.003|year=2019|s2cid=51617793}}</ref>
* [[Duct tape occlusion therapy]] involves placing a piece of [[duct tape]] over the wart. The [[mechanism of action]] of this technique still remains unknown.  Despite several trials, evidence for the [[efficacy]] of duct tape therapy is inconclusive.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Loo |first1=SK |last2=Tang |first2=WY |title=Warts (non-genital). |journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence |date=12 June 2014 |volume=2014 |pmid=24921240 |pmc=4054795}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title= Topical treatments for cutaneous warts |author1= Kwok CS |author2= Gibbs S |author3= Bennett C |author4= Holland R |author5= Abbott R |date= 12 September 2012 |pmid=22972052 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001781.pub3 |volume=9 |issue= 9 |pages=CD001781 |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev|pmc= 8101088 }}</ref> Despite the mixed evidence for efficacy, the simplicity of the method and its limited side-effects leads some researchers to be reluctant to dismiss it.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stubbings A, Wacogne I | title = Question 3. What is the efficacy of duct tape as a treatment for verruca vulgaris? | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood | volume = 96 | issue = 9 | pages = 897–99 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21836182 | doi = 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300533 | s2cid = 206853952 }}</ref>
* No intervention. Spontaneous resolution within a few years can be recommended.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Goldman |first=Ran D. |date=May 2019 |title=Duct tape for warts in children: Should nature take its course? |journal=Canadian Family Physician |volume=65 |issue=5 |pages=337–338 |issn=1715-5258 |pmc=6516695 |pmid=31088871}}</ref>

[[File:Wart Treatment Timeline.jpg|thumb|600px|center|This image shows throat warts ([[papilloma]]s) before treatment and during the treatment process.  Left to right: warts prior to treatment, warts on the day of [[silver nitrate]] treatment, warts two days after treatment, warts four days after treatment, warts six days after treatment, and warts remaining nine days after treatment.]]