Editing Veto (section)

== Balance of powers ==
{{main|Balance of powers}}

In presidential and semi-presidential systems, the veto is a legislative power of the presidency, because it involves the president in the process of making law. In contrast to proactive powers such as the [[proposal power|ability to introduce legislation]], the veto is a reactive power, because the president cannot veto a bill until the legislature has passed it.{{sfn|Croissant|2003|p=72}}

Executive veto powers are often ranked as comparatively "strong" or "weak". A veto power may be considered stronger or weaker depending on its scope, the time limits for exercising it and requirements for the vetoed body to override it. In general, the greater the majority required for an override, the stronger the veto.<ref name="oecd-system"/>

Partial vetoes are less vulnerable to override than package vetoes,<ref name="metcalf-2000">{{Cite journal
  | author-first = Lee Kendall
  | author-last = Metcalf
  | year = 2000
  | title = Measuring Presidential Power
  | journal = Comparative Political Studies
  | volume = 33
  | issue = 5
  | page = 670 
  | doi = 10.1177/0010414000033005004 
  | s2cid = 154874901
 }}</ref> and political scientists who have studied the matter have generally considered partial vetoes to give the executive greater power than package vetoes.{{sfn|Palanza|Sin|2020|p=375}} However, empirical studies of the line-item veto in US state government have not found any consistent effect on the executive's ability to advance its agenda.{{sfn|Palanza|Sin|2020|p=374}} Amendatory vetoes give greater power to the executive than deletional vetoes, because they give the executive the power to move policy closer to its own preferred state than would otherwise be possible.{{sfn|Palanza|Sin|2020|p=382}} But even a suspensory package veto that can be overridden by a simple majority can be effective in stopping or modifying legislation. For example, in Estonia in 1993, president [[Lennart Meri]] was able to successfully obtain amendments to the proposed Law on Aliens after issuing a suspensory veto of the bill and proposing amendments based on expert opinions on European law.<ref name="metcalf-2000"/> <!-- An amendatory veto... -->