Editing Venona project (section)

=== "19" ===
The identity of the Soviet source cryptonymed "19" remains unclear. According to British writer [[Nigel West]], "19" was [[Edvard Beneš]], president of the [[Czechoslovak government-in-exile]].<ref>Nigel West, Venona, największa tajemnica zimnej wojny, Warszawa 2006, p.138.</ref> Military historian Eduard Mark<ref>
Eduard Mark. "Venona's Source 19 and the Trident Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?". Intelligence and National Security. London, Summer 1998, pp. 1–31</ref> and American authors Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel concluded it was Roosevelt's aide [[Harry Hopkins]].<ref>{{cite book
| author1 = Romerstein, Herbert
| author2 = Breindel, Eric
| name-list-style = amp
| year = 2000
| title = The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors
| publisher = Regnery Publishing
| page = [https://archive.org/details/venonasecretsexp00rome/page/214 214]
| isbn = 978-0-89526-275-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/venonasecretsexp00rome/page/214
}}</ref> According to American authors John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, "19" could be someone from the British delegation to the [[Washington Conference (1943)|Washington Conference]] in May 1943.<ref>{{cite book
|author1=Haynes, John Earl |author2=Klehr, Harvey
|name-list-style=amp |year = 1999
| title = Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America
| publisher = Yale University Press
| pages = 205–206
| isbn = 978-0-300-07771-1
}}</ref> Moreover, they argue no evidence of Hopkins as an agent has been found in other archives, and the partial message relating to "19" does not indicate whether this source was a spy.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-diplo&month=9907&week=b&msg=sObK4G6XORytI4LXBpW2xw&user=&pw= |title=H-Net Discussion Networks - VENONA, the KGB, and Harry Hopkins [Haynes/Klehr&#93; |journal=H-Diplo |date=1999-07-14 |access-date=2014-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Klehr |first1=Harvey |last2=Haynes |first2=John Earl |date=2014-11-02 |title=Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2014.913403 |journal=Intelligence and National Security |language=en |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=864–879 |doi=10.1080/02684527.2014.913403 |issn=0268-4527}}</ref>

However, [[Vasili Mitrokhin]] was a KGB archivist who defected to the United Kingdom in 1992 with copies of large numbers of KGB files. He claimed Harry Hopkins was a secret Russian agent.<ref>''The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB'', by Vasily Mitrokhin and Christopher Andrew.</ref> Moreover, [[Oleg Gordievsky]], a high-level KGB officer who also defected from the Soviet Union, reported that [[Iskhak Akhmerov]], the KGB officer who controlled the clandestine Soviet agents in the US during the war, had said Hopkins was "the most important of all Soviet wartime agents in the United States".<ref>''KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev'', by Oleg Gordievsky and Christopher Andrew.</ref>

[[Alexander Vassiliev]]'s notes identified the source code-named "19" as [[Laurence Duggan]].<ref>{{cite book
| first1 = John Earl
| last1 = Haynes
| first2 = Harvey E.
| last2 = Klehr
| first3 = Alexander
| last3 = Vassiliev
| author-link3 = Alexander Vassiliev
| year = 2009
| title = Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America
| url = https://archive.org/details/spiesrisefallofk00john
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Yale University Press
| location = New Haven
| isbn = 978-0-300-12390-6
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/spiesrisefallofk00john/page/223 223-234]
}}</ref>