Editing Veil (section)

==== Veiling of women ====
[[File:Hutterer-Crystal Schule1.jpg|thumb|200px|A Hutterite Anabaptist Christian teacher wearing an [[hanging veil|opaque hanging veil]], which is worn throughout the day]]
{{Main|Christian headcovering}}
{{Further|Hanging veil}}
[[File:Kerkdienst hhk doornspijk.jpg|thumb|200px|Headcovering in the [[Restored Reformed Church]] of [[Doornspijk]]]]
[[File:Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Women of the [[Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church]] wearing Christian headcoverings]]
Traditionally, in Christianity, women were enjoined to cover their heads, and men were instructed to remove their hat when praying or prophesying.<ref name="Hunt2014"/><ref name="OCIC"/><ref name="Schaff1889"/> Wearing a veil (also known as a headcovering) is seen as a sign of humility before God, as well as a reminder of the bridal relationship between Christ and the church.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=eph5 /><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://www.veilsbylily.com/the-theological-significance-of-the-veil/|title=The Theological Significance of the Veil|date=7 April 2014|website=Veils by Lily|access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref> This practice is based on {{Bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:4–15|KJV}} in the [[Christian Bible]], where [[Paul the Apostle|St. Paul]] writes:<ref name="Osburn2007">{{cite book|last=Osburn|first=Carroll D.|title=Essays on Women in Earliest Christianity, Volume 1|date=1 July 2007|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|language=en|isbn=9781556355400|page=208}}</ref>
{{blockquote|text={{sup|2}}I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I have delivered them to you. {{sup|3}}But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, the head of a woman is her husband, and the head of Christ is God. {{sup|4}}Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head, {{sup|5}}but any woman who prays or prophesies with her head unveiled dishonors her head—it is the same as if her head were shaven. {{sup|6}}For if a woman will not veil herself, then she should cut off her hair; but if it is disgraceful for a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her wear a veil. {{sup|7}}For a man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man. {{sup|8}}(For man was not made from woman, but woman from man. {{sup|9}}Neither was man created for woman, but woman for man.) {{sup|10}}That is why a woman ought to have a veil on her head, because of the angels. {{sup|11}}(Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man nor man of woman; {{sup|12}}for as woman was made from man, so man is now born of woman. And all things are from God.) {{sup|13}}Judge for yourselves; is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered? {{sup|14}}Does not nature itself teach you that for a man to wear long hair is degrading to him, {{sup|15}}but if a woman has long hair, it is her pride? For her hair is given to her for a covering. {{sup|16}}If any one is disposed to be contentious, we recognize no other practice, nor do the churches of God.|source=1 Corinthians 11:2-16, Revised Standard Version}}
The [[early Church Fathers]], including [[Tertullian of Carthage]], [[Clement of Alexandria]], [[Hippolytus of Rome]], [[John Chrysostom]] and [[Augustine of Hippo]] attested in their writings that men should pray uncovered, and that women should wear a [[Christian headcovering|headcovering]].<ref name="OCIC"/><ref name="SJEOC2019">{{cite web |title=The Ultimate Guide to Christian Headcoverings |url=https://www.saintjohnchurch.org/head-coverings-ultimate-guide/ |publisher=Saint John the Evangelist Orthodox Church |access-date=19 August 2021 |language=English |date=17 May 2019}}</ref> [[John Chrysostom]] ({{circa|347}}{{snd}}407) delineated Saint Paul's teaching on the wearing of headcoverings by Christian women, continually:<ref name="OCIC">{{cite web |title=On Account of the Angels: Why I Cover My Head |url=http://orthodoxinfo.com/praxis/headcoverings.aspx |publisher=Orthodox Christian Information Center |access-date=8 April 2022 |quote=St. John Chrysostom thought that Paul, in admonishing women to wear a covering "because of the angels," meant it "not at the time of prayer only, but also continually, she ought to be covered." Fr. Rhodes agrees: "The veil can be the constant symbol of the true woman of God … a way of life … a testimony of faith and of the salvation of God, not only before men, but angels as well."}}</ref><ref name="Schaff1889"/> 
{{blockquote|Well then: the man he compelleth not to be always uncovered, but only when he prays. "For every man," saith he, "praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoureth his head." But the woman he commands to be at all times covered. Wherefore also having said, "Every woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head unveiled, dishonoureth her head," he stayed not at this point only, but also proceeded to say, "for it is one and the same thing as if she were shaven." But if to be shaven is always dishonourable, it is plain too that being uncovered is always a reproach. And not even with this only was he content, but he added again, saying, "The woman ought to have a sign of authority on her head, because of the angels." He signifies that not at the time of prayer only but also continually, she ought to be covered. But with regard to the man, it is no longer about covering but about wearing long hair, that he so forms his discourse. To be covered he then only forbids, when a man is praying; but the wearing of long hair he discourages at all times.<ref name="Schaff1889">{{cite book |last1=Schaff |first1=Philip |title=A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: St. Chrysostom: Homilies on the Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians |date=1889 |publisher=The Christian Literature Company |page=152 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="OCIC"/>}}
{{blockquote|For he said not merely covered, but ''covered over'', meaning that she be with all care sheltered from view on every side. And by reducing it to an absurdity, he appeals to their shame, saying by way of severe reprimand, ''but if she be not covered, let her also be shorn.'' As if he had said, "If thou cast away the covering appointed by the law of God, cast away likewise that appointed by nature."<ref name="Pusey1842">{{cite book |last1=Pusey |first1=Edward Bouverie |title=A Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, Anterior to the Division of the East and West |date=1842 |publisher=J.H. Parker |pages=349, 357|language=English}}</ref>}}
Additionally, the Church Fathers taught that because the hair of a woman has sexual potency, it should only be for her husband to see and covered the rest of the time.<ref name="Milliken2020">{{cite book |last1=Milliken |first1=Roberta |title=A Cultural History of Hair in the Middle Ages |date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-10303-0 |page=54 |language=English}}</ref> 
In [[Western Europe]] and [[North America]], from the arrival of Christianity to those lands to the mid-20th century, women in most mainstream [[Christian denominations]] wore head coverings (often in the form of a scarf, cap, veil or hat).<ref name="Kraybill2010">{{cite book|last=Kraybill|first=Donald B.|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-fYQjwmOafoC&pg=PA103|access-date=13 November 2012|date=5 October 2010|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801896576|page=103|quote=During the 20th century, the wearing of head coverings declined in more assimilated groups, which gradually interpreted the Pauline teaching as referring to cultural practice in the early church without relevance for women in the modern world. Some churches in the mid-20th century had long and contentious discussions about wearing head coverings because proponents saw its decline as a serious erosion of obedience to scriptural teaching.}}</ref><ref name="Anderson2019">{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Cory|last2=Anderson |first2=Jennifer|title=Fitted to Holiness: How Modesty is Achieved and Compromised among the Plain People |date=2019 |publisher=Acorn Publishing |location=[[Millersburg, Ohio|Millersburg]]|page=129|quote=Throughout the nineteenth century, hats were a cultural necessity; women were never seen in public without one. Up until World War I, a woman slipped on a white cap immediately upon arising, unless she was in mourning, and some type of hat or bonnet was worn every time she left the house.}}</ref><ref name="Gordon2015" /> These included many [[Anglican]],<ref name="Muir2005">{{cite book|last=Muir|first=Edward|title=Ritual in Early Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlULqJ70bDUC&pg=PA31|access-date=13 November 2012|date=18 August 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521841535|page=31|quote=In England radical Protestants, known in the seventeenth century as Puritans, we especially ardent in resisting the churching of women and the requirement that women wear a head covering or veil during the ceremony. The Book of Common Prayer, which became the ritual handbook of the Anglican Church, retained the ceremony in a modified form, but as one Puritan tract put it, the "churching of women after childbirth smelleth of Jewish purification."}}</ref> [[Baptist]],<ref name="USA2012">{{cite book|title=Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches 2012|url=https://archive.org/details/yearbookofameric0000unse_l2p3|url-access=registration|access-date=13 November 2012|date=1 April 2012|publisher=Abingdon Press|isbn=9781426746666|page=[https://archive.org/details/yearbookofameric0000unse_l2p3/page/131 131]|quote=The holy kiss is practiced and women wear head coverings during prayer and worship.}}</ref> [[Catholic]],<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholic.com/qa/how-women-came-to-be-bare-headed-in-church|title=How Women Came to Be Bare-Headed in Church|last=Nash|first=Tom|date=24 April 2017|website=Catholic Answers|access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="Henold2008">{{cite book|last=Henold|first=Mary J.|title=Catholic and Feminist: The Surprising History of the American Catholic Feminist Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhbOYP24qCYC&pg=PT126|access-date=13 November 2012|year=2008|publisher=UNC Press Books|isbn=9780807859476|page=126|quote=At that time, official practice still dictated that Catholic women cover their heads in church.}}</ref> [[Lutheran]],<ref name="SC">{{cite book |title=The Lutheran Liturgy: Authorized by the Synods Constituting The Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America |publisher=Concordia Publishing House |location=St. Louis |page=427 |language=en |year=1941}}</ref> [[Methodist]],<ref name="Morgan2010">{{cite book|last=Morgan|first=Sue|title=Women, Gender and Religious Cultures in Britain, 1800–1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JybdfeRKuFcC&pg=PA102|access-date=13 November 2012|date=23 June 2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415231152|page=102|quote=Several ardent Methodist women wrote to him, asking for his permission to speak. Mar Bosanquet (1739–1815) suggested that if Paul had instructed women to cover their heads when they spoke (1. Cor. 11:5) then he was surely giving direction on how women should conduct themselves when they preached.}}</ref> [[Moravian Church|Moravian]],<ref name="Levering1903">{{cite book |last1=Levering |first1=Joseph Mortimer |title=A History of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1741-1892 |date=1903 |publisher=Times Publishing Company |page=617 |language=English}}</ref> and [[Calvinism|Reformed]] (including [[Continental Reformed]], [[Congregationalist]] and [[Presbyterian]] traditions) Churches.<ref name="Barth2019">{{cite web |last1=Barth |first1=Paul J. |title=Head Coverings in Worship? |url=https://purelypresbyterian.com/2019/07/15/head-coverings-in-worship/ |publisher=Purely Presbyterian |access-date=10 April 2022 |language=English |date=15 July 2019 |quote=[[R.C. Sproul]] writes, “The wearing of fabric head coverings in worship was universally the practice of Christian women until the twentieth century.” Incidentally, I remember talking with my mother some years back, and she told me that when she went to church as a little girl, she and her sister wore hats to church. And she was not Presbyterian – that was the case across all American Christianity. “What happened?” Sproul asks, “Did we suddenly find some biblical truth to which the saints for thousands of years were blind? Or were our biblical views of women gradually eroded by the modern feminist movement that has infiltrated the Church of Jesus Christ which is ‘the pillar and ground of the truth' (1 Tim. 3:15)?”}}</ref> In these denominations, the practice now continues in certain congregations and by individuals who have sought to follow the precedent set in Scripture and church history.<ref name="Tomlinson2014">{{cite web |last1=Tomlinson |first1=Heather |title=My Headcovering Experiment |url=https://www.premierchristianradio.com/Topics2/Life/Lifestyle/My-Headcovering-Experiment |publisher=[[Premier Christian Radio]] |access-date=10 April 2022 |language=English |date=7 October 2014 |quote=Recently, there has been a head covering revival in certain wings of the US Church: especially the ultra-reformed and those calling themselves ‘Torah-observant'. Lobbying in favour of the practice is The Head Covering Movement, set up last year by a man called Jeremy Gardiner, who cites the theologically conservative Gospel Coalition in his profession of faith. The movement's website features personal stories of women who are usually the only head coverers in their churches, as well as arguments from scripture to support the practice. It cites Martin Luther, William Tyndale and Thomas Aquinas, among others.}}</ref>

Christian veiling throughout the day is still practiced by those who wear [[plain dress]], such as traditional [[Anabaptists]] including [[Mennonites]] ([[Old Order Mennonites]] and [[Conservative Mennonites]]), [[Hutterites]],<ref>{{cite book|last = Hostetler| first = John| title = Hutterite Society| publisher = The Johns Hopkins University Press| year = 1997| isbn =978-0-8018-5639-6| page =105}}</ref> [[Schwarzenau Brethren]] ([[Old Order Brethren|Old Order Schwarzenau Brethren]] and [[Dunkard Brethren Church]]),<ref>{{cite book|last = Thompson| first = Charles | title = The Old German Baptist Brethren: Faith, Farming, and Change in the Virginia Blue Ridge | publisher = University of Illinois Press| year = 2006| isbn =978-0-252-07343-4 |page = 33}}</ref> [[River Brethren]] ([[Old Order River Brethren]] and [[Calvary Holiness Church (Philadelphia)|Calvary Holiness Church]]), [[Apostolic Christian Church|Apostolic Christians]], [[Amish]] (Old Order Amish, [[New Order Amish]], [[Para-Amish]] and [[Beachy Amish]]),<ref name="Schrock2022">{{cite web |last1=Schrock |first1=Anna |title=Why Do Amish Women Wear Head Coverings? |url=https://amish-heritage.org/why-do-amish-women-wear-head-coverings/ |publisher=Amish Heritage |access-date=10 May 2022 |language=English |date=19 February 2022}}</ref> and [[Charity Ministries|Charity Christians]], as well as [[Conservative Friends|Conservative Quakers]].<ref name="OYM2022">{{cite web |title=Q: So what about the funny clothes? Do you dress like the Amish? |url=https://www.conservativefriend.org/faq.htm |publisher=Stillwater Monthly Meeting of Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends |access-date=10 April 2022 |language=English |quote=Women usually wear long-sleeved, long dresses, and a head-covering such as a scarf, bonnet, or cap.}}</ref>

Many [[Conservative holiness movement|Holiness Christians]] who practice the doctrine of [[outward holiness]], also practice headcovering (such as the [[Calvary Holiness Church (Philadelphia)|Calvary Holiness Church]]).<ref name="DeMello2012">{{cite book|last=DeMello|first=Margo|title=Faces around the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39B8fpdg_NwC&pg=PA303|access-date=13 November 2012|date=14 February 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598846188|page=303}}</ref> The [[Plymouth Brethren]] and conservative [[Continental Reformed|Reformed]] and [[Presbyterian]] churches, along with [[Traditionalist Catholic]]s, practice headcovering when praying at home and while attending public liturgies.<ref name="Mooney2020">{{cite web |last1=Mooney |first1=Myron |url=http://fpcurrent.com/head-covering |title=Book Review – Head Covering: A Forgotten Christian Practice for Modern Times|work=Current|publisher=Free Presbyterian Church of North America |language=English |date=18 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Murray1992"/><ref name="PBCC2022">{{cite web |title=Why do Brethren ladies wear head scarves? |url=https://www.plymouthbrethrenchristianchurch.org/who-we-are/faqs/#why-do-brethren-ladies-wear-head-scarves? |publisher=[[Plymouth Brethren Christian Church]] |access-date=9 April 2022 |language=English |quote=Scripture enjoins that every woman praying with uncovered head causes herself shame and for this reason Brethren women wear head scarves whilst attending church services. It is common for Brethren ladies to wear a ribbon or headband when out amongst the general public.}}</ref><ref name="Fisher2019">{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=Simcha |title=The types of women who veil at Mass |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2019/12/03/types-women-who-veil-mass |publisher=[[America Magazine]] |access-date=15 November 2020 |language=en |date=3 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Sciba2018">{{cite web |last1=Sciba |first1=Katie |title=Beneath the Veil: How Unusual Practice Becomes Beloved Prayer |url=https://blessedisshe.net/blog/beneath-veil/ |publisher=Blessed Is She |access-date=18 April 2021 |language=English |date=14 May 2018}}</ref> In many [[Oriental Orthodox Church]]es and certain [[Eastern Orthodox]] congregations, the custom of women's covering their heads continues in church (and when praying privately at home).<ref name="Babudro1997">{{cite web |last1=Babudro |first1=Angelo |title=On Account of the Angels: Why I Cover My Head |url=http://orthodoxinfo.com/praxis/headcoverings.aspx |publisher=Orthodox Christian Information Center |access-date=9 May 2021 |language=English |date=1997}}</ref>