Editing Vandals (section)

===Introduction into the Roman Empire===
[[File:Roman Empire 125.png|thumb|left|upright=1.15|The Roman empire under [[Hadrian]] (ruled 117–38), showing the location of the Vandilii East Germanic tribes, then inhabiting the upper [[Vistula]] region (Poland).]]

In the 2nd century, two or three distinct Vandal peoples came to the attention of Roman authors, the [[Silingi]], the [[Hasdingi]], and possibly the [[Lacringi]], who appear together with the Hasdingi. Only the Silingi had been mentioned in early Roman works, and are associated with [[Silesia]].

These peoples appeared during the [[Marcomannic Wars]], which resulted in widespread destruction and the first invasion of Italy in the Roman Empire period.<ref name= EB_GermAncHist>{{cite web|url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/231186/Germany/58075/The-press|title=Germany: Ancient History|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]]|access-date=January 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828160433/http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/231186/Germany/58075/The-press|archive-date=2013-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref> During the Marcomannic Wars (166–180) the [[Hasdingi]] (or Astingi), led by the kings Raus and Rapt (or Rhaus and Raptus) moved south, entering [[Dacia]] as allies of Rome.<ref name= Vandals30>{{harvnb|Merrills|Miles|2010|p=30}}</ref> However they eventually caused problems in Dacia and moved further south, towards the lower [[Danube]] area. Together with the Hasdingi were the Lacringi, who were possibly also Vandals.<ref>Dio Cassius, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/72*.html 72.12] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221024915/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/72%2A.html |date=2021-02-21 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Merrills|Miles|2010|p=27}}</ref>

In about 271 AD the Roman Emperor [[Aurelian]] was obliged to protect the middle course of the Danube against Vandals. They made peace and stayed on the eastern bank of the Danube.<ref name= Vandals30/>

In 278, [[Zosimus (historian)|Zosimus]] reported that emperor [[Probus (emperor)|Probus]] had defeated the Vandals and Burgundians near a river (sometimes proposed to be the [[Lech (river)|Lech]], and sent many of them to Britain. During this same period, the 11th [[panegyric]] to [[Maximian]] delivered in 291, reported two different conflicts outside the empire wherein Burgundians were associated with [[Alamanni]], and other Vandals, probably Hasdingi in the Carpathian region, were associated with [[Gepids]].
[[File:026 Rekonstruktionsversuch wandalicher Trachten von dem Äußere Karpatensenken und Westbeskiden, 2 bis 3 Jh. PR DSC 1315 przeworsk.JPG|right|thumb|upright=0.9|Reconstruction of an Iron Age warrior's garments representing a Vandalic man, with his hair in a "[[Suebian knot]]" (160 AD), [[Archaeological Museum of Kraków]], Poland.]]

According to [[Jordanes]]' ''[[Getica (Jordanes)|Getica]]'', the Hasdingi came into conflict with the [[Goths]] around the time of [[Constantine the Great]]. At the time, these Vandals were living in lands later inhabited by the [[Gepids]], where they were surrounded "on the east [by] the Goths, on the west [by] the [[Marcomanni]], on the north [by] the [[Hermanduri]] and on the south [by] the Hister ([[Danube]])." The Vandals were attacked by the Gothic king [[Geberic]], and their king [[Visimar]] was killed.<ref name= Schutte>{{harvnb|Schütte|2013|pp=50–54}}</ref> The Vandals then migrated to neighbouring [[Pannonia]], where, after [[Constantine the Great]] (in about 330) granted them lands on the right bank of the Danube, they lived for the next sixty years.<ref name= Schutte/><ref>Jordanes [http://www.romansonline.com/Src_Frame.asp?DocID=Gth_Goth_22 chapter 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105120230/http://www.romansonline.com/Src_Frame.asp?DocID=Gth_Goth_22 |date=2013-11-05 }}</ref>

In the late 4th century and early 5th, the famous ''[[magister militum]]'' [[Stilicho]] (died 408), the chief minister of the Emperor [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]], was described as being of Vandal descent. Vandals raided the Roman province of [[Raetia]] in the winter of 401/402. From this, historian [[Peter Heather]] concludes that at this time the Vandals were located in the region around the Middle and Upper Danube.<ref>{{harvnb|Heather|2005|p=195}}</ref> It is possible that such Middle Danubian Vandals were part of the Gothic king [[Radagaisus]]' invasion of Italy in 405–406 AD.<ref>{{harvnb|Merrills|Miles|2010|p=34}}</ref>

While the Hasdingian Vandals were already established in the Middle Danube for centuries, it is less clear where the Silingian Vandals had been living<ref>Goffart, ''Barbarian Tides'', ch. 5.</ref> though it may have been in [[Silesia]].<ref>The Barbarians: Warriors & Wars of the Dark Ages, Tim Newark (Blandford Press, 1985).</ref><ref>Andrew H. Merrills, "Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa", 2004, [[Ashgate Publishing]], {{ISBN|0-7546-4145-7}} p. 34, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=xdnrTM_d1GkC&dq=silingi+silesia&pg=PA34 Google Books])</ref><ref>[[Jerzy Strzelczyk]], "Wandalowie i ich afrykańskie państwo" p. 59, Warszawa 1992.</ref>