Editing University of Michigan (section)

===Central Campus Historic District===
{{further|University of Michigan Central Campus Historic District}}

[[File:Northwest corner of UM campus about 1873.jpg|thumb|The northwest corner of The Diag around 1873, showing the university's gate, the Law Building (1863–1950) and University Hall (1872–1950)]]

The original Central Campus spanned {{convert|40|acre|ha}}, bordered by North University Avenue, South University Avenue, East University Avenue, and State Street. The master plan was developed by [[Alexander Jackson Davis]]. The first structures built included four Greek Revival faculty residences in 1840,<ref>{{cite web |title=Professors' Houses, Northwest Unit |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/profnw.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Professors' Houses, Northeast Unit |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/profne.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Old Engineering Building |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/profse.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref><ref name=":1010241">{{cite web |title=President's House |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/preshouse.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> as well as Mason Hall (1841–1950)<ref>{{cite web |title=Mason Hall |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/masonhall.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> and South College (1849–1950),<ref>{{cite web |title=South College |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/southhall.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> which functioned as both academic spaces and dormitories. Only one of the original faculty residences remains today; it has been renovated in the Italianate style to serve as the [[President's House, University of Michigan|President's House]],<ref name=":1010241"/> making it the oldest building on campus.<ref name="Central Campus History" /> The Chemical Laboratory,<ref>{{cite web |title=Chemical Laboratory |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/chemlab.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> built by [[Albert Jordan]] in 1856 and operational until 1980, was notable for housing the nation's first instructional chemistry lab. After the completion of the Old Medical Building (1850–1914)<ref>{{cite web |title=Old Medical Building |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/medbldg.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> and the Law Building (1863–1950),<ref>{{cite web |title=Law Building (Old Haven Hall) |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/oldhaven.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> an open space known as [[The Diag]] began to take shape. Among the prominent structures on the original Central Campus was University Hall (1872–1950),<ref>{{cite web |title=University Hall |publisher=[[Bentley Historical Library]] |website=bentley.umich.edu |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/legacy-support/campus_tour/university.php |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> designed by alumnus [[E. S. Jennison|Edwin Shannon Jennison]].<ref name = "nom">{{citation | title = NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY- NOMINATION FORM: University Of Michigan Central Campus Historic District | author = Laurie K. Sommers | series = Records of the National Park Service | date = December 7, 1977 | url = https://catalog.archives.gov/id/25340637}}</ref>

The Central Campus today, however, bears little resemblance to its 19th-century appearance, as most of its structures were constructed in the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |year = 2008 |title = 2008 Annual Environmental Report |url = http://www.oseh.umich.edu/pdf/08_report.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515004102/http://www.oseh.umich.edu/pdf/08_report.pdf |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = The Regents of the University of Michigan |page = 9 }}</ref><ref name="Campus Housing">{{Cite web |title = Undergraduate Housing Overviews |url = http://www.housing.umich.edu/undergrad |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130318213559/http://www.housing.umich.edu/undergrad |archive-date = March 18, 2013 |access-date = March 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan Division of Student Affairs }}</ref> These structures are predominantly the works of [[Albert Kahn (architect)|Albert Kahn]], the university's supervising architect during that period.<ref>{{Cite web |date = July 5, 2007 |title = A Chronology of University of Michigan Buildings, 1840–1999 |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/chronology.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100819203735/http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/chronology.php |archive-date = August 19, 2010 |access-date = August 28, 2010 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> In 1909, Regent [[William L. Clements]] became chairman of the Building and Grounds Committee, leading to Albert Kahn's growing influence in the university's architectural development. Clements, impressed by Kahn's work on his industrial projects and residence in [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]], awarded him multiple university commissions and appointed him as the university's supervising architect. The West Engineering Hall (1910), Natural Science Building (1915), and General Library (1920) were all designed by Kahn. During a period of limited construction funding, these structures exhibited a simple design with minimal ornamentation. However, Kahn's [[Hill Auditorium]] (1913), adequately funded by Regent Arthur Hill, features extensive Sullivanesque ornamentation and excellent acoustic design, which was rare for that period.<ref name = "nom" />

[[File:Front_of_Angell_Hall.jpg|thumb|[[James Burrill Angell Hall]] on Central Campus serves as a major academic building for the [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]]]]

Beginning in 1920, the university received greater funding for construction projects, thanks to president Burton's fiscal persuasiveness with the legislature, propelled by a prosperous economy. This allowed campus buildings to be constructed in a grand manner. Kahn's Italian Renaissance [[Clements Library]] (1923), Classical Greek [[Angell Hall]] (1924), and Art Deco [[Burton Memorial Tower]] (1936) all feature unusual and costly materials and are considered some of his most elegant university buildings. The last of Kahn's university commissions was the Ruthven Museums Building (1928), designed in the Renaissance style.<ref name = "nom" />

Other architects who contributed to the Central Campus include [[Spier & Rohns]], who designed Tappan Hall (1894) and the West Medical Building (1904); [[SmithGroup|Smith, Hinchman and Grylls]], the architects of the Chemistry Building (1910) and East Engineering Building; and [[Perkins, Fellows & Hamilton Office and Studio|Perkins, Fellows and Hamilton]], who designed University High School (1924). The [[Michigan Union]] (1919) and Michigan League (1929), completed by alumni [[Irving Kane Pond]] and [[Allen Bartlit Pond]], house the university's various student organizations. Alumni Memorial Hall, funded by contributions from alumni in memory of the university's Civil War dead, was completed by [[Donaldson and Meier]]. It was designated as the [[University of Michigan Museum of Art|University Museum of Art]] in 1946.<ref name = "nom" />

The area just south of The Diag is predominantly Gothic in character, contrasting with the classical designs prevalent in many of Kahn's university buildings. The [[Martha Cook Building]] (1915), completed by [[York and Sawyer]], [[Samuel Parsons]], and [[George A. Fuller]] in 1915, draws inspiration from England's [[Knole House]] and [[Aston Hall]]. It was one of the university’s early women’s residences. York and Sawyer also designed the Law Quadrangle, which features a flagstone courtyard by landscape architect Jacob Van Heiningan. The Lawyers' Club, part of the quadrangle, includes a clubhouse, dining hall, and dormitory, modeled after English clubs with an [[Elizabethan architecture|Elizabethan-style]] lounge and a dining hall inspired by the chapels of [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton]]. The Law Library's main reading room showcases craftsmanship from the [[Riverside Church|Rockefeller Church of New York]]. Following its completion, nearby buildings like the School of Education Building, by [[Malcomson and Higginbotham]], and Emil Lorch's Architecture and Design Building adopted Gothic elements reflecting the style of the Law Quadrangle and Martha Cook Residence.<ref name = "nom" />

The Central Campus is the location of the [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science and the Arts]]. Most of the graduate and professional schools, including the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]], [[Ross School of Business]], [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]], and the [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]], are on Central Campus. Two main libraries, [[Hatcher Graduate Library]] and [[Shapiro Undergraduate Library]], as well as the university's many [[Museums at the University of Michigan|museums]], are also on Central Campus.<ref>{{Cite web |title = The University of Michigan Campus |url = http://www.si.umich.edu/aboutsi/campus |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515005725/http://www.si.umich.edu/aboutsi/campus |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |access-date = April 8, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan School of Information }}</ref>