Editing University of Bonn (section)

===University Museums===
[[File:Akademisches kunstmuseum bonn.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Akademisches Kunstmuseum]]
The [[Akademisches Kunstmuseum]] (English: 'Academic Museum of Antiquities') was founded in 1818 and has one of the largest collections of plaster casts of ancient Greek and Roman sculptures in the world. At this time collections of plaster casts were mainly used in the instruction of students at art academies. They were first used in the instruction of university students in 1763 by [[Christian Gottlob Heyne]] at [[University of Göttingen]]. The Akademisches Kunstmuseum in Bonn was the first of its kind, as at this time collections at other universities were scattered around universities libraries. The first director was [[Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker]], who also held a professorship of archaeology. His tenure was from 1819 until his retirement in 1854. He was succeeded by [[Otto Jahn]] and [[Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl]], who shared the directorship. From 1870 to 1889 [[Reinhard Kekulé von Stradonitz]], nephew of the organic chemist [[Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz]], was the director. In 1872 the museum moved to a new building that was formerly used by the department of anatomy. The building was constructed from 1823 to 1830 and designed by [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] and [[Hermann Friedrich Waesemann]]. Other directors of the museum were [[Georg Loeschcke]] (from 1889 to 1912), [[Franz Winter]] (from 1912 to 1929), [[Richard Delbrück]] (from 1929 to 1940), [[Ernst Langlotz]] (from 1944 to 1966), Nikolaus Himmelmann (from 1969 to 1994) and Harald Mielsch (since 1994). All directors, with the exception of [[Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl]] held a professorship of archaeology at the university.<ref>{{cite web
 |author      = University of Bonn
 |title       = Official Homepage of the Akademisches Kunstmuseum
 |date        = January 2008
 |url         = http://www.uni-bonn.de/Die_Universitaet/Museen/Antikensammlung.html
 |access-date  = 8 February 2008
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080210132052/http://www.uni-bonn.de/Die_Universitaet/Museen/Antikensammlung.html
 |archive-date = 10 February 2008
}}
</ref>
[[File:Arithmeum (Bonn) jm01671.jpg|left|thumb|Arithmeum]]
The [[Bonn Egyptian Museum|Egyptian Museum]] (German: {{Lang|de|Ägyptisches Museum}}) was founded in 2001. The collection dates back to the 19th century and was formerly part of the Akademisches Kunstmuseum. Large parts of the collection were destroyed in World War II. Today the collection comprises about 3,000 objects.<ref>{{cite web
 | author = Egyptian Museum of the University of Bonn
 | title = Official Homepage of the Egyptian Museum
 | date = September 2006
 | url = http://www.uni-bonn.de/en/The_University/Museums_and_Academic_Collections/Egyptian_Museum.html
 | access-date = 8 February 2008
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071124134912/http://www.uni-bonn.de/en/The_University/Museums_and_Academic_Collections/Egyptian_Museum.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->
 |archive-date = 24 November 2007
}}</ref>

The [[Arithmeum]] was opened in 1999. With over 1,200 objects it has the world's largest collection of historical [[History of computing hardware|mechanical calculating machines]]. The museum is affiliated with the Research Institute for Discrete Mathematics.<ref>{{cite web
 |author      = Arithmeum
 |title       = Official Homepage of the Arithmeum
 |url         = http://www.arithmeum.uni-bonn.de/en/home
 |access-date  = 8 February 2008
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080218213126/http://www.arithmeum.uni-bonn.de/en/home/
 |archive-date = 18 February 2008
}}</ref>

The Teaching Collection of Archaeology and Anthropology (German: {{Lang|de|Archäologisch-ethnographische Lehr- und Studiensammlung}}) was opened in 2008. The collection comprises more than 7,500 objects of mostly pre-Columbian art.<ref>{{cite web|last=University of Bonn |title=Museums and Academic Collections |url=http://www.uni-bonn.de/Die_Universitaet/Museen.html |access-date=8 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118041505/http://www.uni-bonn.de/Die_Universitaet/Museen.html#Arithmeum_ |archive-date=18 January 2008}}</ref>

[[Image:Balaenoptera acustorostrata - Zwergwalskelett.jpg|right|thumb|[[Minke whale]] skeleton, [[Museum Koenig]]|256x256px]]The [[Botanical Garden, Bonn|Botanical Garden]] was officially founded in 1818 and is located around the Poppelsdorf Palace. A garden existed at the same place at least since 1578, and around 1720 a Baroque garden was built for [[Clemens August of Bavaria]]. The first director of the Botanical Garden was [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees von Esenbeck]] from 1818 to 1830. In May 2003 the world's largest [[titan arum]], some 2.74 meters high, flowered in the Botanical Garden for three days.<ref>{{cite web
 | author = Botanic Garden of the University of Bonn
 | title = Official Homepage of the Botanic Garden
 | url = http://botgart.uni-bonn.de/o_inter/engl01.php
 | access-date = 8 February 2008
 | archive-date = 16 December 2013
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131216195842/http://www.botgart.uni-bonn.de/o_inter/engl01.php
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>

The natural history museum was opened in 1820 by [[Georg August Goldfuss]]. It was the first public museum in the Rhineland. In 1882 it was split into the {{ill|Mineralogical Museum of the University of Bonn|lt=Mineralogical Museum|de|Mineralogisches Museum der Universität Bonn}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Das Mineralogische Museum|url=http://www.steinmann.uni-bonn.de/museen/mineralogisches-museum|website=uni-bonn.de|publisher=Uni Bonn|access-date=8 July 2012|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505175608/https://www.steinmann.uni-bonn.de/museen/mineralogisches-museum|url-status=dead}}</ref> located in the Poppelsdorf Palace and a museum of palaeontology, now named {{ill|Goldfuß Museum|de|Goldfuß-Museum}}.<ref>{{cite web
 | last = Institute of Paleontology
 | title = Geschichte des Museums und des Gebäudes
 | url = http://www.paleontology.uni-bonn.de/Geschichte.html
 | access-date = 8 February 2008
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080126193502/http://www.paleontology.uni-bonn.de/Geschichte.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->
 | archive-date = 26 January 2008
}}</ref>

The Horst Stoeckel-Museum of the History of Anesthesiology (German: {{Lang|de|Horst Stoeckel-Museum für die Geschichte der Anästhesiologie}}) was opened in 2000 and is the largest of its kind in Europe.<ref>{{cite web
 | author = University Hospital
 | title = Horst-Stoeckel-Museum für die Geschichte der Anästhesiologie
 | url = http://www.ukb.uni-bonn.de/quick2web/internet/internet.nsf/vwUNIDLookup/7B886711928F6CC5C1256F25003F1327
 | access-date = 8 February 2008
 | archive-date = 19 April 2015
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150419220533/http://www.ukb.uni-bonn.de/quick2web/internet/internet.nsf/vwUNIDLookup/7B886711928F6CC5C1256F25003F1327
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>

The [[Museum Koenig]] is one of the largest natural history museums in Germany and is affiliated with the university. The museum was founded in 1912 by Alexander Koenig, who donated his collection of mounted specimens to the public.<ref>{{cite web
 | author = Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig
 | title = Official Homepage of the Museum Koenig
 | url = http://www.zfmk.de/index.en.html
 | access-date = 8 February 2008
}}</ref>